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Compliments of
(Zeiveral Mission Boa*4
ElfiiK.Illir\oi6
THE MISSIONARY
ChuvclKof the brethren
v<d>l xxvn
Js^inme\iF^P 1925
H©o 1
Comrades, go read Christ's words again, They are the only hope of men; Love and not hate must come to birth, Christ and not Cain must rule the earth.
I had walked life's way with an easy tread, Had followed where comforts and pleasures led, Until one day, in a quiet place, I met the Master face to face.
I met him and knew him and blushed to see That his eyes full of sorrow were fixed on me. I faltered and fell at his feet that day, While my castles melted and vanished away —
Melted and vanished, and in their place Not else did I see but the Master's face; And I cried aloud, " Ch, make me meet To follow the steps of thy wounded feet.
My thought is now for the souls of men; I have lost my life to find it again, E'er since that day, in a quiet place, I met the Master face to face.
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THE MISSIONARY VISITOR
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE
CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN
THROUGH HER
GENERAL MISSION BOARD
SECRETARIES
MEMBERSHIP OTHO WINGER, President, North Man- chester, Ind.
J. J. YODER, Vice-President, McPherson,
Kans. A. P. BLOUGH, Waterloo, Iowa. H. H. NYE, Elizabethtown, Pa. J. B. EMMERT, La Verne, Calif.
CHARLES D. BONSACK, General Secretary.
H. SPENSER MINNICH, Educational Secre- tary and Editor Missionary Visitor.
M. R. ZIGLER, Home Mission Secretary. CLYDE M. CULP, Treasurer.
All correspondence for the Board should be addressed to Elgin, 111.
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OUR MISSIONS ABROAD
BY ELGIN MOYER Price 50c
The best mission study book about our foreign mission Work ever published.
The six chapters are as follows:
I. How the Brethren Went Abroad. II. Locating Twentieth Century Disciples in India.
III. Making Dark Places Light in India.
IV. Locating Twentieth Century Disciples in China. V. Making Dark Places Light in China.
VI. Planting the Cross in Africa.
The book will be found ideal for classes of any age between juniors and grandparents.
It is just the thing for Church School of Mission use.
BRETHREN PUBLISHING HOUSE, Elgin, 111.
Published Monthly by the Church of the Brethren Through Her General Mission Board H. SPENSER MINNICH. Editor
Volume XXVII
JANUARY, 1925
No. 1
CONTENTS
EDITORIAL—
Foreword, 1
Meeting of the General Mission Board, 3
CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES—
Strategic Points and Opportunities in Village Evangelism, By J. M.
Blough, . 4
Educating Girls in India, By Elsie Shickel, 6
Industrial Training with a View to Self-Support, By J. E. Wagoner, 9
India Sunday-Schools, By Ida C. Shumaker, 11
Training Boys pf India for Citizenship, By Fred'k M. Hollenberg 13
The Part of Medical Missions in Evangelizing India, By Barbara
Nickey, 15
Africa Notes for July and August, By H. S. Kulp, 22
THE WORKERS' CORNER—
Missionary News, 20
Christian Endeavor in Germany, 20
A Song of Peace (Poem), 21
The Spirit of Christ, 21
THE JUNIOR MISSIONARY—
By the Evening Lamp, 23
Nuts to Crack 24
How They Were Judged (Poem), By Gertrude Shaffer, 25
FINANCIAL REPORT, 26
Editorial
Foreword
[The readers of the Visitor are indebted to Olive Widdowson for this Foreword as well as the as- sembling of the material for this special India Issue.]
IT may sound a little like heresy to fore- cast a better future for India through cooperation. Unless you prefixed it with a " non, " this word has not been liked by the majority of the Indian people. We do not always realize at the time what is best for us; so it has been with India in her efforts to better her condition.
Formerly she was very dependent, per- mitting others to do for her things she might have done for herself if her ambi- tion had not been deadened by unreasonable rules and customs which were almost com-
plete barriers to progress. Because of their general fear of evil spirits, her people have not searched for the minerals nor made dis- coveries of the wealth lurking in her soil as they would otherwise have done. But, instead of swinging over to a medium posi- tion, she has gone to the extreme and thinks she can refuse all foreign assistance. As it is not possible for one man to live his life wholly to himself, so the same is true of one nation among other nations. In the de- velopment of her resources, thus improving the living conditions of her people, she can- not go it alone. She needs to benefit by the experience and skill acquired by other coun- tries in their process of development. The short period of non-cooperation and boy-
9189
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
Am for Cooperation
cotting of foreign goods has not been either successful or satisfactory. Mr. Gandhi, the leader of the movement, seems to be wavering, and other leaders are coming for- ward who see a better outlook for India in not holding herself aloof from other coun- tries, thus being deprived of the benefit of all they may be able to contribute towards her progress, but think she should accept what has proven stepping stones- to them. She seems to be starting to right herself and get a saner view of her position as a country among other countries, which we hope will lead to cooperation.
India is going through a period of transi- tion in her religious life. Unfortunately the Christian religion has been brought to her with much encrustation of western interpre- tation, and she has looked on and thought, " Here is another religion made up by men of another country. " It is like a ship en- crusted with barnacles. India has not felt the need of the encrustation, nor does she need it, but she most surely needs the good old ship. What is breaking through first to her? The life and personality of our Savior, for " Love is the throbbing pulse- beat of his own great heart. " In what a short time has Christ become known to
many people in India, very imperfectly as yet, but they are anxious to learn more, and we know the actual growth in real Christian character is slow. An Indian who has caught the spirit of Christ is a marvel among his people, and he soon makes Christ known to them in language and symbol which they understand. The heart of the message must break through to them. The missionaries' effort to bring them to the Savior they need has been a persevering, honest effort, and the One he looks to for help always gives real success to his fol- lowers.
Now cooperation is as big a word in our religious life in connection with our In- dian brethren as it is for India in her na- tional life among the nations. In this process of cooperation it is necessary for both sides to give over offensive nones- sentials and things that are sinful, and this is what is going on in a religious way in India today. If this " Perfect Example " (a phrase one so often hears) is to avail for them, the Indian people will be made willing to give up some practices which are positively sinful, to receive the cleansing which a loving Savior is anxious to give, and his instruction which they need and I be- lieve he will give in the usual way by "his consecrated disciples. Indians have been anxious for the effects of Christianity in their own lives as they have seen them in the lives of Christ's consecrated followers, but they have been trying to secure these effects through secular education or self- improvement.
There are invaluable characteristics in India's people which help them to under- stand the Christian message and enjoy it with others, and as they experience its cleansing and keeping power in their own lives it will become their religion. Then In- dia will show her love for her Savior and joy in serving him in "her own way. The foreign servant of Christ will still have the opportunity of working and serving with the Indian servant, lending a helping hand when needed, until she realizes in her own experience the power that avails for all men for all time, and in her own heart the joy and peace that "passeth understanding." In- dia, then, will not only know Christ as a "Perfect Example," but also as an Indwell-
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
Cooperation as Seen in Action on the Dispensary Verandah
ing Presence who "saves to the uttermost," and we know that " Christ's presence un- restrained means power unlimited. "
REPORT OF THE DECEMBER MEET- ING OF THE GENERAL MISSION BOARD
The General Mission Board meets regu- larly four times a year — the third Wednes- day of April, August and December and a short meeting at the Annual Conference. All of the members of the Board were pres- ent at this meeting, namely, Otho Winger, Chairman, J. J. Yoder, Vice chairman, A. P. Blough, H. H. Nye, and J. B. Emmert. A number of visitors were at the meeting in- cluding I. D. Heckman, M. Clyde Horst and W. H. Yoder. These three men constitute the Home Mission Advisory Council which had met the day previous to advise with the Home Mission secretary, Brother M. R. Zigler, regarding home mission problems. Other members at the Board meeting were Norman Seese and Mary Schaeffer from China, Lillian Grisso from India and May- nard Cassady.
The usual items of business such as home mission grants to District Mission Boards and appropriations for disabled ministers were attended to.
South China
The resignation of Albert Smith as a worker to South China was accepted and Brother and Sister Smith are recalled to America. Brother Smith reports that there is no adequate field for work there along the line of giving pastoral care. New China Territory
The territory which has been occupied by the Church of the Brethren has been con- sidered scarcely large enough to permit the expansion of the native church which is hoped for and which is in sight. A ter- ritory just east of our mission with a pop- ulation of over a million people has not been worked because the American Board which had assumed this territory was un- able to enter it with workers. It appears the American Board is willing to release this to us and as our mission force feel this can be worked with native Chinese evan- gelists, the Board decided to assume re- sponsibility for this territory. Difficult Problems in China
The China mission presented to the Board a number of problems which are very per- plexing to them and on which they seek the advice of the home Board and church. The Board has taken these questions un- der advisement and expressed its apprecia-
(Continued on Page 8)
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
Strategic Points and Opportunities in Village
Evangelism
J. M. BLOUGH
EVANGELISM must be the one aim of every mission and every missionary. Regardless of what our immediate task may be, its goal must be evangelism. Every depart- ment of work must be made to center in evangelism. To make Jesus Christ known and to bring people into willing obedience to him is our work.
In India " Village Evangelism " is of first importance for the unit of life is the vil- lage. Nine-tenths of the people of India live in towns and villages, none of which has a population over 5,000. Out of 722,000 towns and villages, 659,000 contain less than a thousand people each, and four-fifths of them are inhabited by 500 or fewer people. Here, then, is the missionary's task. " In these villages true India is to be found, in- scrutable and unchanging. "
Opportunities
Throughout the whole country there is on an average one village in every two and a half square miles. In our own field there are nearly 3,000 villages, so he who gives himself to village evangelism has almost an unlimited opportunity before him, and that, too, without traveling great distances.
Nearly all the villagers are farmers and illiterate. They are the common people, and in our district mostly aborigines who are animists. While most of them have been influenced by the Hindu caste system, they are socially different and without an or- ganized religion. Even though they are ig- norant and superstitious, they are open- hearted and willing to be taught. Practical- ly every village is ready to receive the Chris- tian preacher and listen to his message. There is no end to opportunity. We can go everywhere with the exception of a few Indian states. We are limited only by our own power.
" Think of 7 00,000 of these backward class- es right before our doors, who, in large measure, are ready for the Gospel! Ready, not because they under- stand— far from it — but because you can go among them and teach them. "
Think of 700,000 of these backward classes right be- fore our doors, who, in large measure, are ready for the Gospel ! Ready, not because they understand — far from it — but because you can go among them and teach them. They will attend meetings, sit in Bi- ble classes and Sunday- school, and allow you to talk to them in their homes. Is this not a wonderful opportunity? What more could one wish? And if I speak for the Indian Christian, he can live right among them in their very homes, as, in fact, nearly all our Christians do. There is no lack of opportunity, only need for the power of the Holy Spirit in all workers and Christians who live among them.
Strategic Points
We must remember that we are fishers of men, and our purpose is to bring them into the kingdom of God through faith in the Lord Jesus. It is not sufficient to meet men, to tell them the story and pass on. That is not evangelism. They are to be bap- tized and taught to worship and obey their Lord.
Again, we must learn to deal with men as we find them. We may wish they were different, but how can we make them dif- ferent until we win them? They may be fearful or prejudiced or indifferent or an- tagonistic; do not blame them, for there is some reason for it. We must learn to work with people as they are and love them re- gardless of their attitude. Fish are fish and must be caught; men are men and must be won. We are not successful evangelists unless we do win them.
(1) Avoid giving offense. " Give no occasion of stumbling, either to Jews, or to Greeks, or to the church of God" (1 Cor. 10:32). This is fundamental and must be observed. Be friendly and aim to avoid
January
1925
The Missionary Visitor
Assembling for Love Feast in a Vyara Village
that which will drive people away from you. Why make your work harder by putting unnecessary difficulties in the way? You want to win people and as quickly as pos- sible; hence this rule must be observed. Paul understood this perfectly: "I am be- come all things to all men, that I may by all means save some" (1 Cor. 9:22). Make yourself acceptable to the people you want to win.
(2) Know your people. In order to avoid giving offense it is absolutely necessary that we know the people whom we set out to reach. So choose your people and study their ways and manners of life, their reli- gion, their customs, attitude, etc. Classes of people are very different from one another, so we must learn to adapt ourselves to them and avoid the thing that is an offense to them. For this reason it is impossible to use the same methods among all classes. People are different, so methods must be different.
(3) Adapt your message to their compre- hension. Villagers are common people with limited knowledge and training. You want the message understood, so it must be sim- ple, that they can grasp it. The introduc- tion must be clever, so as to arouse inter- est and gain confidence. The approach to the message you want to give must vary according to the character of your people.
Avoid difficult doctrines, but present the gospel of love. Every fisherman knows that the bait must be acceptable to the fish, so make it easy and attractive.
(4) Win the leaders. There are always leaders in each village, and if you can reach them you have made it easy to reach all the rest of the people. Try to win these leaders, for they will be instrumental in bringing the other people in. There is the headman, appointed by the government, and others who are influential in the village, and if these accept your message there will be no difficulty with the rest.
(5) Win the young people. It is easier for young people to understand and accept new teaching than for the old, and they can be more easily trained. And ordinarily they can help you more and longer in building up the church. Children should never be neglected. They are always the hope of the church.
(6) Employ music. Indians like music, so give them the Gospel in song and teach them to sing. They tire of long sermons but not of music, and especially if they can take part in it.
(7) Employ acceptable workers. Certain- ly Indian workers must be used, but choose them carefully, so they will not be a hin-
(Continued on Page 14)
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
Educating Girls in India
The Need of a Suitable Education for Our Girls and Plans to Meet This Need
ELSIE SHICKEL
LET us look for a bit into the life of some of our Indian women. Yonder in the bazaar is a woman selling sweets, another selling vegetables, another making garlands of flowers. Here is a ca- pable woman in charge of our girls' board- ing school. There in the dispensary is an Indian nurse assisting in the work with the women. Yonder in the village is the wom- an evangelistic worker. Then there are the women laborers in the fields, carrying heavy burdens, or doing any available remunera- tive work. Across the way is the pardah woman, whose narrow life is spent in se- clusion, away from the eyes of men and of the world. Near by is a woman whose cir- cumstances are such that she has only the duties of her own household. When we fol- low these women into their homes we dis- cover that, whatever their stations in life, whatever the other work in which they are engaged, they are wives and mothers. And, aside from widows, this is true of prac- tically every normal woman in this land. A glimpse into some of these homes, and a passing glance at the unkempt, underfed children that throng the roads and byways is abundant evidence of the need of educa- tion for this life that is first in the ambition of every Indian girl.
True enough, Christianity has had a big influence in the homes of its people, and especially in the homes of those who have been in some Christian school. But even for the women of these homes there is a vast need of being better fitted for the re- sponsibilities of home-making and mother- hood if the Christians of the coming gen- eration are to be best fitted physically and spiritually to lead their fellow-countrymen to the Christ.
To some extent the government recognizes this need in girls' education in providing a special course of study for girls' schools. In this course more stress is given to sew- ing, health, and foods, especially after the third standard, or grade. Even so, are our schools really educating for life? Are
we reproducing as nearly as possible the conditions our girls must meet when they go out from us, and are we helping them to fit into these conditions in the noblest, most economic, and most Christian way?
Let us see what is really being done in our schools. Our girls put a great deal of time into studying health texts. They memorize page after page of the material. In the up- per standards they put a good part of their time for arithmetic on household accounts. They cut and make the ordinary garments for women and children. But when it comes to putting these things into every- day practice they seem lost. School and life seem to be separate and distinct for them. Practically none of the girls coming out of our sixth standard are able to cut and make their clothes alone. With all their glibness in repeating what the textbook says about sanitation and contagion, they have no working conscience on these sub- jects. Last year we had whooping cough among our girls, and also some cases of sore eyes. We were making every effort to keep these girls segregated. But the two groups of girls were in separate rooms in the same building. Upon going over at night to see that all was well, we found the girls with sore eyes out of their room and huddled up snugly in bed with the whoop- ing-cough girls, seemingly with no thought, whatever, that they might exchange germs. Again, the girls who had been studying household accounts for three years were helpless when they began to keep their own personal accounts this year. It is evident that there is need for vitalized, practical teaching in the courses now given in our schools.
True, our girls do most of the work con- nected with their hostels — whenever prac- ticable, all of it — grinding, sweeping, water filling, mending, sewing, cooking. And this is surely very valuable for them, but they don't get the teaching along with it that they need to adapt what they get to their home conditions. Many of the parents say
lanuary 1925
The Missionary Visitor
Anklesvar Boarding
that the girls are very extravagant when they come home. They know how to cook for a hundred, but they don't know how to cook for a half dozen or so. This is true. Furthermore, they know practically nothing about the value of money or the cost of materials; hence, can't understand the necessity of economy that's ever present among India's masses. The fact of the mat- ter is, the whole problem of life of the bulk of India's people is so bound up with and dependent upon economic and industrial conditions that any attempt to raise ideals and standards of living must almost neces- sarily go hand in hand with some means of raising the earning capacity of the people. You ask what about the Bible teaching and the development of Christian life in our schools. Of course the Bible period is a part of every day's program. The course of study is followed in a perfunctory fash- ion. But our girls need more vitalized, sys- tematic Bible study, more definite Christian experience, and an opportunity for real Christian service if they are to develop a true Christian atmosphere and life in their homes and make these homes mean the most in the community. For it is only through our Christian mothers that we can hope to meet the big need for Christian leadership among the women of the com- munity.
School Girls at Work
Of course, our girls that go on after leav- ing our boardings into the high or normal schools or nurses' training get a great deal that fits them for home-making and mother- hood, but they, even, get no definite work along this line. The fact is, in all Gujarat, so far as we have been able to find out, there is very little definite effort being made for practical education for women. Some of the girls' high schools in Bombay, es- pecially those for Parsee girls, conduct classes in foods and cookery. The govern- ment of Baroda State, a native state just north of us in Gujarat, has done a great deal to encourage the study of Indian foods and nutrition. The girls' high schools in this state are also conducting classes in food study and cooking. Aside from these, a Hindu institution in Ahmedabad is launch- ing out in this field. But nowhere has a well-rounded course been worked out with the sole purpose of preparing the girls for the life they are going to live.
Many of our girls have been sent on to high or normal schools, not because they showed any particular capability for this work, but because they were not ready to be married (social conditions are such that it is not well for them to go back into their homes unmarried), and we had no further work for them in our schools. Our Indian people have repeatedly expressed the desire
8
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
that their girls might get in our schools the more practical, more worth-while things.
For some years our mission had been awake to this situation. Some of our mis- sionaries had done some worth-while think- ing and planning, with the hope of getting something worked out in a few years. Then last year the financial strain came. We felt we must cut expenses everywhere possible, so we could not give as many scholarships as heretofore. Furthermore, the mission is requiring a higher standard of work than heretofore from those who receive scholar- ships. We found that at the end of the school year we would have a number of girls from whom we had no school work and no other work. It was imperative that we meet this need somehow.
The story of developments from this sit- uation is intensely interesting, but the re- sult is what concerns us here. In February, 1924, we began, here at Anklesvar, a spe- cial course which we've termed practical arts, for want of a better name. The pur- pose of this course is to fit our girls for the richest, most effective Christian life in the home, church, and community. The girls taking this course have classes in Bible, mis- sions, Sunday-school teacher training, ethics, child study, health and care of the sick, foods, cookery, expressional activities in the home, school, and community life. Aside from her classwork each girl spends several hours per day in gardening, sewing, laundering, crocheting, which help to pay her expenses. Then, too, the girls take care of all the work in connection with their school home. In order to reproduce home conditions as nearly as possible and give the girls worth-while experience in home life, we are using the cottage plan for the living arrangements of these girls. They live as a family. Each month they choose one of their number to have charge of providing for the group, and taking care of the gen- eral accounts. Another is chosen to look after the household duties and their appor- tionment among the members of the group. In this way all of the girls get experience in the different tasks of the household. Each girl is responsible for her personal account, showing earnings and expenditures. A tithe of each girl's earnings is put into her hands to give as she chooses for religious work.
Also, each girl is assigned some practical Christian work for which she is responsible.
We plan to make this a two years' course, and hope that most of our girls will take this work, even those who plan to go into some special training later. We believe that through a close personal touch we can help the girls to discover themselves and their possibilities, and lead them into a desire to use all that they have and are for God's glory and for the promotion of his kingdom.
This work is largely an experiment, so far as India is concerned. We are having to do a good deal of the teaching ourselves since we haven't Indian people prepared to handle it, and have very little subject matter in Gujarati. Our plans are all tentative, sub- ject to change as we get experience and as we grow into the work. The government inspectors have shown special interest in this project, and have given very helpful suggestions for working out the course and for finding material in Gujarati. Our only object is to give at least some of India's girls and women the most worth-while Christian education, not only in our spe- cial course, but throughout our boarding schools. As the years go by, and as we de- velop teachers with vision and ability to launch out into practical education, it is our purpose and prayer that the work in our elementary schools, also, may be only such as is of real value in life and may be worked out in actual life conditions.
We need your interest, we need your prayers, that the Father may definitely di- rect, as we meet the problems of girls' edu- cation here, that India's " daughters may be as corner-stones, polished after the simili- tude of a palace. "
MEETING OF THE GENERAL MISSION BOARD
(Continued from Page 3)
tion to the mission for their confidence in giving information regarding the matters which are delicate over there. China Furloughs
Brother F. H. Crumpacker, who is now on his way home for furlough, coming by the way of our India Mission was granted an extra year at home in order to have time to mingle among .the churches.
(Continued on Page 18)
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
Industrial Training with a View to Self -Support
J. E. WAGONER
IN a sense all industrial training is giv- en with a view to self-support, or if there is already self-support, to in- crease the efficiency and earning capacity. But in India there are so many who are not self-supporting, as we understand the term, that we consider ourselves as a long way toward our goal when they can be said to be supporting themselves.
In the past, and up into the present, a great many of those who became Chris- tians, and those who received any kind of training at the hands of the mission, were taken into mission employ. And we may suspect that there are still some who be- come Christians for no other purpose than that they may receive work and support.
However, it must be evident to any think- ing mind that such a condition can not con- tinue to exist indefinitely. There must come a time when foreign men and foreign money must be withdrawn ; when the church will become an integral part of God's plan for the evangelization of the rest of the world. And in order that this may be accomplished there must be given training that will enable them to support themselves.
Two ideas of industrial training prevail. One is to train and equip men so that they will be more efficient in our service. This is fine, and just the thing, so long as WE remain on the field. The other is to train them so that they will be efficient in the service of others, or, more important, of themselves. The first we have been trying to do. The second is at our doors. The first must decrease ; the second, increase. Now, how can this be done? Or, how do we propose to do it?
As an example, let us take agriculture. We have done this way : A gardener has been in charge of the field work. He has told the boys what to do, and when to do it. And they with more or less zeal have fol- lowed instructions. And undoubtedly, if this be kept up for a term of years, the boys will get into the habit, and, where possible, do the same way in their own fields. It is the method we used to follow on the farms
in the States. If the father did a certain way, so did the son. The father plowed his ground three inches deep. The boy fol- lowed in his footsteps. If he plowed six or eight inches, the boy also did so. Like the father who was a Republican or a Demo- crat, the boy was the same, and for no other reason. He needed no other. What the father did was right. Therefore! And so we can teach some of this work by an example. The boys will follow in the foot- steps of the teacher. And if the boy were ever to work for the teacher who would al- ways tell him what to do, and when, and then give him his support for this service, this might be called sufficient. But the day he goes out to work for himself he needs something in addition. And the additional thing is this : he needs to know WHY. He needs to know the difference between the cost of production and the value of the product. And he needs to know whether that difference spells self-support or wheth- er it spells poverty.
A good many years ago I wanted to put out a melon patch. I had heard that ma- nure put into the hills was of great value. Now to me manure was manure. I took some from the stable, nice and fresh. I dug a splendid hole, put the manure into it, covered it over with good soil and planted the seed. This seed germinated and came up. For a week it grew splendidly. Then it died. It was several years before I knew the reason. But it would have meant dol- lars to me then.
Something like this is what I mean when I say that they need to know the WHY. In pursuance of this idea we tried a year ago to plan a garden which would show such results. In general the plan was as follows : The garden was divided into plots. Into one section a heavy allowance of ma- nure was put. Into another, half the amount. In a third we used commercial fertilizer. One such group of three was ir- rigated every week but with very little cultivation. Another was irrigated every two weeks, but was given pretty thorough cultivation in between. We wanted to learn
10
The Missionary Visitor r
January 1925
John Paul and the Office Desk He Made
what effect cultivation had on the crop, and the amount of water necessary for the crop ; what manure had to do with the prod- uct, and whether it would pay to use com- mercial fertilizer. I am convinced that the theory is sound. But, truth to tell, the re- sults were disappointing. We might make a lot of excuses, but here we will only con- fess that it was perhaps the Sahib's fault. This sort of thing needs very close super- vision if the results are to be considered worth-while. We plan to try it out in parts now, when we hope the results will be more gratifying. But, clearly, there is little use in being a farmer if the crop costs more in producing than can be received in market- ing.
Or let us look at carpentry. Here the same two ideas prevail. Men have been trained in the mission with the idea that when the training was finished they were to be given work by the mission, and usual- ly, by the day, but sometimes by the job. This, again, is splendid, for both parties, as long as the mission can use the men and boys that she trains. But, obviously, such a condition cannot remain forever. And if the man is to go out for himself, then he must know the cost of material; the amount used in constructing the table, desk, chair, wagon or whatever; the price of the
finished product, and whether or not he can live on the difference. And if he can not do so it is up to him to choose some other oc- cupation, or to make himself more efficient in this one.
With this idea in view we are endeavoring to remodel our course in industrial training. The drawing needs to be revised; that which is practicable and useful to be kept and em- phasized, the rest to be discarded. Those in training will be expected to know every piece of timber that goes into a piece of furniture, for example, the number of board feet required to build it, the probable cost of material and the usual selling price. Knowing this I strongly suspect that some who have the mind to become carpenters will be tempted to take up another line of work. But if they are not able to work fast enough, so that they can live on the difference between the material cost and the value of the finished product, then they should know it, and choose some occupation in which they will be able to do this. There is also a value in this for the mission. It will enable the student to know the value of the material he is using, and so gain some idea of what it is costing the mission to train him. And it ought to make him more ap- preciative. Wood is not a free gift in this country.
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
11
We must say, however, that all this is not worked out as yet. But we are trying to do so on these principles. The boy in the picture has made this desk himself, with some supervision from the teacher. What he does not know is how to make a drawing showing all its parts. I mean a drawing before the work is started. He does not know the cost of the material. But it is es- sential that he learn these things; that he be able to make a plan, a drawing to scale, showing each and every part with the cost at present lumber prices. Also what such
a desk would bring in the market that is not mission. Then how long it will take him to do the work involved. If it can be done in two weeks he can support himself by it. But if it takes four weeks, and he cannot improve or lessen that time, then he should not try to make desks. But our task is to so train him that he will be able to do the work, in a thorough and finished manner, in such a time that he will be re- ceiving self-supporting and self-respecting wages.
India Sunday Schools
Their Development and Part in Our Evangelistic Effort
IDA C. SHUMAKER
IF you refer to the latest statistics from India you will know about our India Sunday-schools from that angle. If you examine more closely you will find a few as nearly up to date as can be under the conditions here, as elsewhere, yet ther i is always " room for improvement. "
Then again you will find our Sunday- schools as varied and as different as there are classes and conditions; but, everywhere, you will find the CHILD just as responsive, lovable and teachable as you will find any- where (if not more so) if he has had a chance. As Dr. Poole says, " The whitest part of the white harvest is the childhood of the world, " and it is certainly true of our India. Therefore our Christian educa- tion must center about the CHILD. We must place " the CHILD in the midst " where Christ placed him. We must build our program around childhood and change the emphasis from adult to youth and claim life at its beginning rather than try to re- claim it at the end. We must choose be- tween tending lambs or hunting for stray sheep, for " the best and most natural way for a child to enter into his spiritual herit- age is to grow into it gradually from the beginning. Only those ideals which have been built into the structure of character from childhood later become the dynamic and dependable factors in his life. " And, as our own Dr. Kurtz said at Glasgow,
" The supreme task of the race is the edu- cation of childhood. But the problem is to get the grown-ups to behave long enough for the task to be completed. "
Since it is well known that " Christ's re- ligion is distinguished by its regard for chil- dren, and there is no known substitute for Christianity as an instrument for training Christian character, " we must pay greater attention to the education of the young peo- ple and children in Christian stewardship. It is reported that there is no single religion in the world whose followers give so little for the propagation of their faith as those who follow the religion of Jesus Christ. It is our duty to train our children that pro- portionate, regular and systematic giving should be the rule instead of the exception. By such means strong, Christian character will be developed.
A great educator urged : " Let us live for the children. " One of our greatest objects in all our Sunday-school work must be to find out how best we can give effect to that principle. It is the call of the CHILD that summons every true worker to the task of bringing the child to its highest and truest development. This is our most im- portant business.
If India is to be won for Christ it must be through the children. Herein lies our hope — our opportunity. To win these children is our aim — our gigantic task, for India
12
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
needs Christ. Mr. Jacobs (an Indian) said: "The whole of India is, in a measure, feeling that Christ and Christ alone can meet the needs and solve the difficulties. "
More Sunday-schools must be organized for the teaching of these children until there is a school for the teaching of Christ's evangelical truth — his evangelical message — within reach of every child. It must so ex- pand to reach wherever the hunger of the child-soul is not yet satisfied with the Bread of Life. My dear reader, are you making this possible? When we do this we are in line with the manifest will of Christ and are carrying forward on earth the witness of his example.
Big as the undertaking is it MUST be done! What are our marching orders? What is our commission? The call of the Master is loud and long and clear in its urgency: "Go ye therefore and teach"! What section of humanity is more teachable than youth? And "The youth of India is at our doors ! " Its magnitude staggers us when we know that out of the vast popu- lation of India there are 100 million young people. Ten million are in schools and only one million in Christian schools and Sun- day-schools. Think what it would mean if this vast army of young people were trained in the faith and morals of Christianity, as set forth in the Holy Scriptures ! They are open to the forces about them, but are not being reached by Christian agencies. May we dare to hope that we are now facing the darkest hour just before the dawn? Are YOU ready to do the part for which YOU are responsible? For the only way out of this dense darkness and present unrest is by way of the cross.
Every Christian in India must be chal- lenged to this great task! All of them must be led into and trained for this teach- ing ministry. There is GREAT NEED to imbue the Christian forces of India with the true missionary spirit. Can YOU figure out as you read, just what YOUR part is in this service? Our Captain has com- manded us and in his strength and power we MUST GO FORTH and DO it. We must teach, Teach, TEACH the Gospel of Je- sus Christ.
Indigenous lesson courses and literature must be properly developed so that the
teaching process and methods may be suited to the various needs, for, " we can- not dress Christianity and Christian teach- ing in Western clothes and take it to the East and make it popular. It would seem like the propagation of something from abroad into the national life.
Neither can we build a Sunday-school out of a program of textbooks. There is only one Infallible Book— the indestructible Word of God. The Bible is given us to teach us the way to God, and the Sunday-school exists to give the children the message of the Bible, which is the message of Christ. We must train the children to form the habit of daily Bible reading and systematic study and to memorize portions of it.
We are glad to . note that we do see changes in the Indian life, and one is that many more people are buying Bibles than formerly and are reading them. We are glad to " give honor to whom honor is due," for much of this awakened interest in reading the Bible is due to Mr. Gandhi.
Another vital need in our Sunday-schools is trained workers. There must be a more thorough training in leadership if our work is to move forward as in other lands. It was reported at Glasgow that the average grade of teachers is lower than in almost any other country with which the dele- gates of the convention are familiar. We hope for better leadership in the future, for this great need is slowly being met by the starting of regular training schools at vari- ous places all over India. We dare not be satisfied with what we have — the good — we must reach forward and get the best, for there are better things in store for those who will dare to make the venture of faith.
Rev. R. M. Hopkins told us that "a dollar or a day spent in character formation is worth a hundred dollars or a hundred days. " We must ever keep before us the ideal of childhood : " And the child grew and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him" (Luke 2:40). Children grow in grace as they grow in the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Can you hear this sweet whisper? "Place it for me in the heart of a child. "
Will YOU do it?
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
13
Training Boys of India for Citizenship
FRED'K M. HOLLENBERG
A CITIZEN of any country is not mere- ly a dweller of that land, nor is he necessarily a politician ; but in the broader sense he is one who can enter into the affairs of his country in such a way as to make a contribution, in cooperation with others, to the general welfare of his coun- try.
The charge has been brought against the Indian Christian that missionary influence has denationalized him and alienated his af- fections from his mother country. Be the charge true or false, where there is smoke there is likely to be a fire, too.
Now what are the things in India life and character that are obstacles to a rounded- out life of service? For, without the ideal of service, citizenship loses its motive pow- er and throws us back into the state where " every man is for himself and the devil takes the hindmost. " I will name a few things which I feel are marked obstacles. They are, indifference to one's surround- ing and others; one-sidedness of training and life; timidity and evasiveness; lack of confidence in one's ability, coupled with a great desire for honor, and non-cooperation. Let me illustrate the bearing these have on citizenship. Indifference is manifest in all things that are for civic betterment. The rubbish and manure are thrown down only a little way from the door, and there is no thought of beautifying the house and yard. In disease and sickness the unfortunate ones are left to shift for themselves. If a thief or robber is known to be in a house or vil- lage, people flee for their lives rather than try to catch him. If a horse's leg is broken, and even though the ends of the bones are protruding, he is not put out of his misery, but is allowed to struggle around until blood poisoning sets in. If the village head- man does not do his work properly — well, what is the difference? "It is his work, not mine. "
The Indian training has been one-sided, and we might as well say his life is one- sided. A teacher can do nothing but teach; a carpenter nothing but carpenter's work, and if he ventures to do something else it
is a disgrace to him. This is due partly to the India thought and partly to the training which has been given to the people.
The characteristics of timidity and eva- siveness are probably due in a way to the climatic conditions which take the daring and spirit out of a man, and they are part- ly due to the religion which gives no incen- tive to a man. There is no adequate reason for them to face issues squarely; not enough of import depending on a solution of the problem.
There is lack of confidence in one's abili- ty to do a task. He likes for others to think that he can do wonders, and he likes to have the honor, but in his heart he doubts whether he really could accomplish the task if he tried. His parents have never done such a thing, brothers and sisters never attempted such a thing; then why should he attempt the impossible? He is getting along fairly well. He has food and raiment (not very good, true, but it will do), and so he is content.
Of all people who might attempt the prac- tice of non-cooperation the Indian mind is best fitted to do so. It is so much easier to not do than to do; so much easier to let some one else do the work, to do the think- ing, to do everything. His religion and the climate foster such ideals. All he asks is to be left alone ; other people can do as they wish, but he wishes to go on in his own way.
Now how is the seemingly impossible to be accomplished? It will not be done in one generation. Foreign resources will not de- velop the Indian into a man who takes a whole-hearted interest in his country. Chil- dren who go through schools under foreign influence, as a rule lose touch with the na- tive life. They become sort of hybrids. A person must be taught to make the best of his surroundings, no matter how meager or stinted his condition. He must do things himself, and by that very act he accomplish- es something on his own initiative which makes him a bigger man. Two boys had a box in partnership, and as the box was large they got the idea that there might as
14
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
well be two boxes as one, and then each would have his own box. They came to me and wanted me to fix up the box- for them. I had fixed up a couple before, and so they wanted me to fix up theirs. I was busy and their boxes did not materialize. Then one day they said : "If you are not going to fix up the boxes we'll do it." So they took the wood-saw and cut the box in two. It was a bit crooked sawing, but the box got in two. Then they got some boards and began to fill up the ends. It was not a very fine job that they did, but they accomplished some- thing which was a real personal gain. So I say we must in some way arrange affairs so the boys will come up against the prob- lems of life and have to find a way of solv- ing them for themselves. We cannot build except on past experiences and accomplish- ments, and the boys must be forced to do these things if they do not of themselves seek them. By forced I mean attending cir- cumstances and desires must make it im- possible for them to rely on some one else.
The Boy Scout movement has its back- ground in such an ideal. Many find fault with some things in the movement, but it is an endeavor to develop in the boy resource- fulness, confidence and reliability. These things cannot be developed by teaching or moralizing, but must be an outgrowth of the actual life of the boy. Games and con- tests must be instituted which will free the personality from the bonds which have so long bound them. Activities must be used which will make the life of the boy a real worth-while life. He must learn to respect the authority of some one who is over him, learn to cooperate with others in a given task, and learn to lead others and still be one of them. He can accomplish these things only as he meets conditions which call for an all-round experience. Self-gov- erning activities must take the place of im- posed ones, and suggestions from the boys must be the basis for future work.
The family ties and Indian life must be retained to keep his connection with the best of the past. From Indian life and re- lationships he must be taught to evolve for himself those things which will go to make up real life. There are some things which he will have to reject, but when he has to reject something it must be with an ideal
in view. A breaking away from the past without a high sustaining ideal is Bolshe- vism. So the boy must be taught to respect Indian manners and customs, to love the activities of his people. He must be taught by all his activities to weigh all problems, and unless there is sufficient reason for a change the old should be retained.
Our education for the Indian boy must be such as will emphasize the immediate and tangible. Things which he has never seen or experienced have no place in his life. Our education must be built on things which form a part of his daily life and interest. He must be led to build out of his own thought and life a character which will steer him safely through future years. As a sapling is bent, so will be the tree. The boy's early education gives him the bent which will make a real man out of him or a parasite on society. Our schools must not be places of giving information, but places for learning to solve life's problems, by living through life's real experiences and taking an active part in trying to meet them.
Then above all, training for citizenship in- volves experiencing a real heart life and contact with the Master. If there is not this vital, close contact in childhood, the child will never become a fully-developed man. " Christ came that we might have life, and that we might have it more abundantly. " The abundant life in all things will make a man who is a true serv- ant of God and an all-round helper to his people. & &
STRATEGIC POINTS AND OPPORTUNI- TIES IN VILLAGE EVANGELISM
(Continued from Page 5) drance. They also must avoid giving of- fense. Generally speaking, workers can work best among their own people.
(8) Put people to work. People become more interested if given something to do. Make them believe that they are needed and wanted. Have them invite others to meetings. As soon as you can, appoint a committee to look after the Christian in- terests of the village. Make them feel re- sponsible for their village.
Now these are only hints. Of course, every one knows that no strategy succeeds without prayer and the power of the Spirit.
Januarv 1925
The Missionary Visitor
15
The Part of Medical Missions in Evangelizing India
EARBARA NICKEY
FULFILLING Christ's ministry. Much of the record of our Lord's life here upon earth is taken up by telling of his ministry to the physical needs of men. How much of his time must have been tak- en up in this ministry of bringing abundant life to the needy ones about him, showing his sufficiency and interest in ever}- human need, physical and spiritual!
He touched and cleansed and restored to society the leper who previously cried " Un- clean, unclean " to all who came near. He restored to the ranks of the bread earners the sick, the lame and the palsied. He gave of the wonderful things God had made, and saved from the ranks of the dependent those who were blind beggars.
He sent out the twelve on the same mis- sion of preaching and healing. Again he sent out the seventy on this same divine mission of ridding the world of evil, and the marks of sin as seen in suffering humani- ty.
Much of his teaching emphasized the fact that our service to God is made manifest through our love and ministry to our fel- low-men. In his picture of the great day when the righteous shall be separated from the unrighteous the King shall call those on his right hand " Blessed of my Fa- ther, " and shall invite them to share the inheritance, be- cause " I was hungry and you gave me to eat ; I was thirsty and you gave me to drink; I was a stranger and you took me in, naked and you clothed me, I was sick and you visited me, I was in prison and you came unto me. " The righteous say, "When saw we thee thus? " and his great reply is that " inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of these my brethren, even these least, ye did it unto me. " And those on the left hand shall
hear that sad word, "Depart into everlasting punishment, for I was in need of ministry and ye did not minister unto me. " I can imagine them saying in great surprise, "When saw we thee in need? If we had ever seen thee in need we would gladly have ministered unto thee. " The Lord replies, " Inasmuch as you did it not unto one of these least, ye did it not to me. "
A demonstration of the Christian princi- ples of love and service. True, government provides comparatively well for medical help. Yet many of the physicians in charge of government dispensaries are inadequate- ly trained, and do not have a desire to serve the people. A low-caste man from near the government dispensary came to us to have a tooth pulled. I asked why he had not had the government doctor pull it. He said he would not pull his tooth, meaning that be- cause he was low caste the government doc- tor would not touch him and become de- filed. The fact that the missionary doctor touches and ministers to all classes alike makes a new appeal to the low-caste pa- tient, and to the thoughtful, open-minded high-caste patient. Though they them- selves would not touch the low-caste patient, they recognize the spirit of brotherhood that causes one to show the same love and per- sonal interest to an untouchable as to a high-caste person.
The medical missionaries have a keen personal interest in their patients. For every patient to them is one who needs a glimpse of the Light and Life of men, as well as he needs physical help. We long that they may see something of him in us. If our life and service show nothing of him, our words about him are surely empty and meaningless.
It is in the proportion that Christian in- fluence has permeated society, that kindness and helpfulness are shown to the sick. Often illness is regarded as a possession of the body by evil spirits, or as a result of some misdemeanor, and consequently severi- ty and forms of torture are resorted to. Al- so, frequently the sick one suffers more from
16
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
The Dahanu Dispensary
the ignorant treatment received than from the disease. Many patients are shut up in an absolutely dark room with no ventilation, and allowed very little water or nourishing food. How a bit of fresh air, light and suf- ficient water would add to the comfort of the patient, beside the healing effects they would have! The kindness and efforts of the missionary to bring comfort are a mes- sage that touches hearts. In difficult cases the untiring, faithful efforts and self-sacri- fice of the missionary are a revelation of
the extent of Christian love and service, and family friends have remarked, " There must be something in your religion that makes you willing to do this for us, who are strangers to you. "
An opportunity to teach. There used to be an idea that medical missions were large- ly to be used as a bait to get hold of peo- ple and preach to them. Any method that accomplished this was sufficient, whether it brought adequate ministry to the physical needs of the community or not. The ap-
Visitors at the Dispensary. The Woman Sitting Is Said to Be Possessed With an Evil Spirit
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
17
The Hospital Annex
This man had a badly infected leg. His friend carried him to the Dahanu Dispensary and begged us to keep him for treatment. We had no available room, but said if they would put up a hut for him we would treat him. This is the hut or hospital annex with the patient and his family. He improved nicely and walked away when he left.
plication of Christ's own example and teach- ing will clear our mind of any such idea. To work with that as a motive is unworthy. To use the opportunity to minister to the fullest extent possible to the needs of man, physical and spiritual, is to follow the foot- steps of our Master. In the incident of the Good Samaritan the neighbor of the man who fell among thieves was not the man who preached him a sermon because he had him there, but the man who poured in the healing antiseptic and dressed the wounds and took the patient to a place where his needs would be attended to. The medical mission recognizes the spiritual need as well as the physical need. It is abundant life, present and eternal, that it seeks to bring to those it reaches. It is God the Giver of physical life, who also is the Giver of eternal life, through Jesus Christ, who is the Way, the Truth and the Life. The ministry to the physical gives many an opportunity to point the way to spiritual life. It opens the door of many a closed heart.
The most fruitful place for evangelistic work is in the hospital. Here, day after day, the patient can get the consecutive story of the Gospel. He has plenty of time to think. He has a demonstration of what Christianity means in those who are min- istering to him. Those who can read get
still more knowledge of the truth through the printed page. Time and again have we seen keen interest in the truth awakened in the inpatients. Again, it has been just as keen a joy to see quickening of spiritual life in those who are professed followers of our Lord, while they are in the hospital. We try to choose lessons suitable to the individual cases in our personal work. Most of the Christians appreciate very much the Christian fellowship and inspirational uplift that come at a time like this. Nat- urally when the heart is distressed it turns more easily to the Source of all comfort.
While at Bulsar we had a Parsee lady pa- tient who enjoyed reading. She read the Gospels and at the Sunday hospital service enjoyed the Christian songs so much that she asked for the hymn book and read it through. She was much impressed by the message of Christ the Savior. She said their religion offered no salvation from sin. She said she believed, but would not dare become a Christian, because of persecution she would have to endure.
A Hindu young man who was a school- teacher was in the hospital. He was much interested and enjoyed reading Christian literature. His aunt came to visit him and attended the Sunday hospital services. She was much interested and gladly talked
18
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
Ths Medical Staff
about spiritual things. She invited us to visit in her home. The evangelistic mission- ary and I called upon her one evening. We had a hearty welcome to the village and were able to give more testimony to her and her neighbors concerning the peace which Christ gives. What the harvest will be we do not know, but preparation of soil and seed sowing precede the harvest.
To make friends and open communities otherwise closed to Christian influence. There are communities where anything that is Christian is regarded as defilement and to be abhorred. In one such village at a time of great need the medical missionary was called in and the necessary help given. Later others from the village called at the dispensary, and other times the doctor was invited into homes. I was in one such vil- lage, and numbers of high-caste women crowded in to see, and talked in a friendly manner, and became friends. They got a personal experience of contact with Chris- tianity and learned that the Christian is a friend in needy times, and friendly at all times. We hope the day will come when they will experience the joy of Christ for themselves.
MEETING OF THE GENERAL MISSION BOARD
(Continued from Page 8)
Furloughs for 1926 were granted to O. C. Sollenberger and wife, Dr. Fred Wampler and wife, M. M. Myers and wife, J. H. Bright and wife and Sisters Ullom and Hutchison. There will be an unusual num- ber on furlough in 1926 because of the un- usual number which went out to the field in 1919. Furloughs for India Missionaries
Furloughs for 1926 were granted to Sis- ters Sadie Miller, Verna Blickenstaff, Anna Brumbaugh, B. F. Summer and wife, Arthur Miller and wife and C. G. Shull and wife. Sara Replogle is granted a furlough for 1925 on account of illness. Ida C. Shumaker, whose furlough comes in 1925, will come a couple of months earlier in order to plan for something extra good in the line of the India exhibit for the Winona Conference. Medical Examinations for Missionaries
Because of a great deal of sickness among
the missionaries, a committee was appointed
to make a thorough investigation regarding
the health examinations for prospective as
(Continued on Page 20)
January 192S
The Missionary Visitor Statistical Report From India for Year 1923
19
This report ordinarily published in the June Visitor is published here because it was not possible to publish it last June.
I. Stations. Their Equipment and Force of Workers
1. Name of District
Gujarati — First District
Marathi— Second District
2. Name of Statioa
3. Date of opening,
4. Staff, American men,
5. Staff, American women,
6. Staff, Indian men,
7. Staff, Indian women
8. Churchhouses, ...
9. Schoolhouses,
10. Bungalows,
11. Land, area acres,
12. Land under cultivation,
13. Value of land ($),
14. Value of equip- ment, buildings, etc. ($) J
15. Evangelists, men,
16. Evangelists, Bible women,
17. Villages occupied,
18. Villages to be evangelized,
19. Population to be | evangelized
20. Families in homes owned by mission,
21. Christian families | in their own homes I
1899 | 1894 | 1899
135
7
36|
i
5
3
23
1906 I 1905
11,6001 4,000
1
1 27
12j
1
11
1
6
1 1,200
I I
34,600| 55,000| 18,000
31 3| 4
I I
151 21 1
15 1 7\ 16
I I
38SI 320
| 1904
160| 15 3,667i 1,000
26,000 3
12
57
11
385
1902 | 1905 | 1921 | 2 1
316| 21,467
150
96,360
28
40|
227,173 352,000
36|
15
10
560
168,000
25
50
30,0001163,600 16
127,193
160
4 14
4|
1
4
2
J
15,0001 21,0001 17,000| 4,667
57,667
5
29 176
99
6
67
18
466
320|
17,000 3,000 445 20,445 41,912]
221,267| 211
48 103
|
1,832 |
| 142 |
224 |
100 |
187 |
| 653 |
2,485 |
|
870,726 |
40,000 |
173,500 |
40,000 94v000| 347,500 |
[1,218,226 |
||
|
168 |
21 |
10 |
10 |
3 |
44 |
212 |
|
268 |
33 |
1 |
34 |
303 |
18
32 174
96
7
77
18
478^
313/8 43,363
206,650 21
45 114
2,597
,086,228
230
326
II. Indian Church Statistics for 1923.
1. Name of District
I Gujarati — First Dist.
Marathi — Second Dist.
2. Name of station,
3. Organized churches
4. No. baptized,
5. Received by letter,
6. Dismissed by letter
7. Died,
8. Disowned,
9. Reinstated,
10. Ministers — Indian,
11. Ministers — American,
12. Deacons,
13. Members at end of year, |
14. Contributions in dollars (not stated elsewhere).
1
2 3
7\ 11
800 | 191
| 211] 66
34
1 55 21
5 18
1 2 1
3 5
127| 370(1201 20[ 43] 50
9
243
46
43
29
2
3
8
15
35
2994
415
9
263
27
37
22
3
17 8 IS 29 2916 418
9
333
59
58
27
2
40
7
16
28
2681
894
20
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
|
□ 1 |
The editor invites helpful contributions for this department of the Visitor |
□ |
MISSIONARY NEWS
The Washington Missionary Conference.
— This great Christian Council, to be held Jan. 28 to Feb. 2, 1925, will be attended and addressed by Christian ambassadors from several countries. The attendance is limited to 5,000 people. The Church of the Breth- ren is entitled to forty-eight delegates. It is regretted that we cannot have more seats accorded to us, but each denomina- tion is allotted space on the basis of its size and missionary endeavor.
It is timely that such a conference should be called. Not for a quarter of a century has such a gathering assembled on this side of the Atlantic. In 1900 the Ecumen- ical Conference was held in New York. It is fifteen years since the now historic Edin- burgh World Missionary Conference. Many changes have come in the world since that conference. It is timely, indeed, that the Christian forces should take stock of their present position in world missionary achievement.
Sister Gertrude Emmert, who went to India as a missionary in 1904, finished her labors on earth Nov. 7. For a number of years Sister Emmert was prevented from active service on account of illness. Broth- er and Sister Emmert and family have been living at La Verne, Calif., where Sister Emmert died.
The Mission Deficit on Nov. 29 stood at $27,726.59. One month before this date the deficit amounted to approximately $36,000, and two months previous to this date the deficit was $43,000. By a greatly curtailed program the mission cause will get on its feet again. Mission receipts for November, 1924, were about $900 more than for Novem- ber, 1923. Expenditures for November, 1924, were $16,597, while in 1923 they were $23,744.
As was announced several months ago, the India Mission sent a reduction commit- tee around to every station to determine what could be dispensed with in order to lessen the expense. We have learned
through indirect channels of the great heartaches coming to some of the India workers. Instead of a committee to help them expand the work for which they give their lives, a committee, has to come to plan to curtail the work.
The Sunday-schools of the Brotherhood have done good work in assisting in raising the missionary money. The appeal is made for all schools to continue their good work throughout 1925. A series of short MIS- SION FACT leaflets are being published each month, and these will be splendid for use in distributing the Sunday before the offering. The little coin envelopes are still available and will be sent free to any Sun- day-school. Order enough so that every member of the school can use them.
MEETING OF THE GENERAL MISSION BOARD
(Continued from Page 18)
well as present missionaries and to learn of any health safeguards which may be thrown around the missionaries. More Information from the Mission Fields
The China mission proposed a plan where- by more information concerning their work could be made available for the home church. The Board authorized the mission rooms to arrange with the China mission for the giving out of this information to the home church. India Land Loans
Because the native India church is hin- dered for lack of a membership that is fi- nancially able to assume responsibility for the work, the India mission is seeking ways and means of helping the worthy Christians to be more independent financially. Many of our worthy Christians are unable to own land because they cannot borrow money at reasonable rates. Money sharks often charge interest rates as high as fifty or seventy-five per cent to ignorant people who cannot read and write and who be-
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
21
cause of famine conditions or adversity are forced to borrow money. The India mis- sion asked the Board for permission to solicit $10,000.00 to be loaned to worthy Christians to purchase very small pieces of ground. It is planned that the loans shall bear six per cent interest and the title for the land would rest in the hands of the mis- sion or its agent until the full price of the land was paid. There would be no benevo- lence to the India Christians except that they would be permitted to borrow money at a reasonable rate and would have as- sistance in buying a piece of land about the size that they would be able to pay for. The Board granted the India mission per- mission to solicit for this money. It is a good opportunity for the members at home to make an investment which will bring in six per cent interest and will be a great as- sistance to the India church. Financial Grants to India
In the last few years the appropriations which the Mission Board has made to In- dia have been withheld for want of funds. Now the India mission asks that just a few of these which are most urgently needed be made operative and asked that all other grants revert to the home Board which means that they will have to be requested anew. Dahanu Medical Hospital
Dr. Barbara Nickey has been on the In- dia field for quite a while and has never had an adequate place to carry on her medical work. A number of patients have died who might have been saved if we had the facilities properly to care for them. The need for this medical work seems so urgent that the Board approved an appro- priation of 35,000 rupees, approximately $12,000, for a hospital plant at Dahanu. It is hoped that some large gifts will be given to help make this possible. New Missionaries for 1925
The fields are fairly well supplied with workers with the exception of medical help. The Board therefore approved the follow- ing new missionaries to go out to the field in 1925 : Dr. Silas Keim and wife will go out to Africa. Dr. Ida Metzger and Merle Gingrich, registered nurse, will go out to India. Brother Maynard Cassady will go to China in harmony with the action of the
Hershey Conference last spring. He will be- come one of the teachers in the Shantung University at Tsinan. This arrangement is very necessary because the native Chris- tians whom we must have to carry on the work of the native church in China must have adequate Biblical training. Our prom- ising boys who come up through the prima- ry and middle schools (the same as our American high school) will pass on to this Shantung University, which is very thorough and conservative in its Bible teaching and it is extremely important that our mission has one member on the teach- ing staff of this university. Home Mission Cooperation
A committee was appointed to study the question of more complete cooperation be- tween the General Mission Board and the District Mission Boards. Summer Pastors
The Board decided to continue the plan of summer pastors for 1925 and approved an appropriation of $2,500 for this work.
The Board was conservative in its ap- propriations of money for future work, but in the face of the fact that the Board has a heavy deficit, it seems that a fairly opti- mistic attitude of the future was taken. Probably this was done with the feeling that unless situations which are urgently demanding aggressive action are proper- ly cared for, the results of our labor for the many years past may come to naught. For this reason the Board feels to move for- ward trusting that the spiritual strength of the home church will be adequate to meet the present needs. H. S. M.
THE SPIRIT OF CHRIST
Leader. — Christ pleased not himself. — Rom. 15:3.
First Voice. — Whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant: even as the Son of man came not to be minis- tered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. — Matt. 20:27, 28.
Second. — How think ye ? if a man have a hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and goeth into the mountains, and seeketh that which is gone astray? — Matt. 18:12.
Third. — And if so be that he find it, verily
22
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
I say unto you, he rejoiceth more of that sheep, than of the ninety and nine which went not astray. Even so it is not the will of your Father which is in heaven, that one of these little ones should perish. — Matt. 18: 13, 14.
Fourth. — And it came to pass when the time was come that he should be received up, he stedfastly set his face to go to Jeru- salem (Luke 9:51), and said: I have a bap- tism to be baptized with ; and how am I straitened till it be accomplished! — Luke 12: 50.
Fifth. — He sent messengers before his face : and they went and entered into a village of the Samaritans, to make ready for him. And they did not receive him, be- cause his face was as though he would go to Jerusalem. — Luke 9 : 52, 53.
Sixth. — And when his disciples James and John saw this, they said, Lord, wilt thou that we command fire to come down from heaven, and consume them, even as Elias did? But he turned, and rebuked them, and said, Ye know not what manner of spir- it ye are of.— Luke 9 : 54, 55.
Seventh. — For the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them. And they went to another village. — Luke 9:56.
Eighth. — For even hereunto were ye called : because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps : who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth : who, when he was re- viled, reviled not again ; when he suffered, he threatened not ; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously. — 1 Pet. 2: 21-23.
Ninth. — But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them, because they fainted, and were scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd. — Matt. 9:36.
For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost.— Matt. 18:11.
Tenth. — Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work. — John 4:34.
I delight to do thy will, O my God : yea, thy law is within my heart. — Psa. 40 : 8.
Eleventh. — And he said, Abba, Father : all
things are possible unto thee, take away this cup from me: nevertheless not what I will, but what thou wilt. — Mark 14:36.
For I came down from heaven, not to do mine own will, but the will of him that sent me. — John 6 : 38.
For I do always those things that please him.— John 8:29.
Twelfth. — Fulfil ye my joy, that ye be likeminded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind. Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other bet- ter than themselves. — Philpp. 2:2, 3.
Thirteenth. — Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others. Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus. — Philpp. 2: 4, 5.
Fourteenth. — Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: but made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men. — Philpp. 2:6, 7.
Fifteenth. — And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. — Philpp. 2:8.
Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his. — Rom. 8 : 9.
AFRICA NOTES FOR JULY
H. S. Kulp The preparation of the primer in the Bura lan- guage has been completed and the copy sent to the press. This has been written to provide a medium by which the people may be taught reading well enough to be able to read the Gospel for them- selves. A first draft of the translation of the Gospel oi Mark also has been made.
July 12 the people of Garkida held a native dance to celebrate the fact that they had lived in peace and prosperity during the year. Although some beer was consumed, the affair wai carried out in a rather orderly manner. These native dances are frequently accompanied with much immorality and ofttimes lead to drunken brawls. Bloodshed was so frequent that the government has forbidden the Buras to go to these dances armed with their bows and arrows.
July 13 was the date of the Moslems' great " sala," or holiday. This was duly celebrated by the Mo- (Continued on Page 25)
fanuarv
1925
The Missionary Visitor
23
Conducted by Aunt Adalyn
Some Prospective India Juniors
BY THE EVENING LAMP
Dear Aunt Adalyn : I am eleven years old. I often read the letters in the Missionary Visitor. My aunt, Beulah Woods, sailed for India Nov. 8. Will some little girl my age write to me? I take the " Everyland " magazine. I have no brothers or sisters, but I wish I had. I am in the sixth grade.
Shreve, Ohio. Marguerite Woods.
I have no doubt your aunt is glad to re- ceive letters from you. for our missionaries can not " run in " to see the home folks at any time, like we can.
Dear Aunt Adalyn : This is my first time to write. My birthday is the twenty-eighth of August. I was fourteen years old. I am in the seventh grade. I am glad when the Visitor comes to get to read the let- ters in it. I haven't any brother or sister. We live with my mother's father and moth- er. My grandma and grandpa both belong to the Brethren church. My mother has the typhoid fever, and I have to stay at home from school. I have about a mile
to school. My teacher's name is Miss Beavers. I would like for some one of the Juniors to write to me. I will answer.
Thornton. W. Va. Mary Current.
I truly hope your mother is well now. I am glad she had such a good little nurse as you doubtless were.
Dear Aunt Adalyn : I am eleven years old and in the sixth grade at school. My birth- day will be April 7. I belong to the Breth- ren church. The name of my class is '* C. I. C, " which means " Class in the Corner. " I tried to crack the November Nuts. I have three sisters and one brother. _ Tell some one to write to me, and I will give a reply. Grace Howard.
562 Ray St., Ottumwa,Towa.
Do you have your class organized — with president, secretary, and treasurer? What did your class do for somebody else at Christmas?
24
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
Dear Aunt Adalyn : Is there a little room for me, as I am very small? I am nine years old, and in the fifth grade. My birth- day is in March. I have five sisters and two brothers. My oldest sister is married. She has the cutest little baby I ever saw. She lives on a farm about half a mile from our place. I like to go to see her every chance I get. I live two and a half miles from town. I go to town to Sunday-school every Sunday. We are building an addition to our church for Sunday-school rooms. My two oldest sisters at home take music les- sons once a week. My oldest brother raises pigeons. I wish some of your primary chil- dren would write to me.
L. Irene Bowman.
Union Bridge, Md., R. 3, Box 9.
Will it not be more wonderful when that little baby begins to say "Aunt Irene"? What does your brother do with his pi- geons?
Dear Aunt Adalyn : I hope I will be wel- come. I have never written to you and the group before. I live on a farm three miles from Keyser, on the Elk Garden Road. I am in the eighth grade. I will be seventeen the twenty-sixth of February. I am the oldest child in the family. I have one brother dead, and two sisters and one broth- er living. My parents are also living. The youngest child is eighteen months old. I belong to the Brethren church of Keyser. I was baptized at New Creek Sept. 14, 1924. I wish some of the Juniors my age would write to me. I will make early reply.
Keyser, W. Va. Elsie Green.
Can you tell us why they call it the " Elk Garden Road"? Is it a place where elks roam around? Do you know the difference between an elk and a moose?
Dear Aunt Adalyn : This is the first time writing you. I love to read the Junior let- ters. My birthday is the twentieth of Sep- tember. I was twelve years old. I live in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia. Will some one write me? If so, I will answer.
Bridgewater, Va. Arlene Miller.
You are studying geography — where does the Shenandoah River rise and where does it empty? And how long is the valley? How many towns are on it?
Dear Aunt Adalyn: I hope I will be wel- come into the circle. I have never written before. I am in the sixth grade. I have three brothers. I am a member of the church. I will be fourteen the third of July. I wish some one would write to me.
Proctor, Mont. Luella Learn.
You came very near being a regular "patriot"! If you had been born a day later, they would have had to call you " July- Ann " 1
NUTS TO CRACK A Group of India Missionaries
1. He licks. 5. O new rag.
2. Tell Cort.
3. Ten rink.
4. Rake hums.
6. Glee riz.
7. Green boll H.
8. Now did sow.
More India Missionaries
1. The spider in the web eyed him closely.
2. My! Isn't that melon good?
3. He carried the grain to the mill, Ernest.
4. The needle has a very small eye.
5. Put iodine on this wart, Zella.
6. He added the sum merely to pass the time.
7. He is strong enough to run the mower.
8. Better shoot that cougar; nervous peo- ple frighten easily.
(Answers Next Month)
DECEMBER NUTS CRACKED
Dissected Word. — Revelation. Transposition. — Peace on earth, good-will to men. ^ j«
INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS
One of the India Missionaries Shanti : — (Waiting on the front verandah picks up the doormat and puts it on her head) Look, I'm the Miss Sahib now. Karli: — You the Miss Sahib, why? Shanti: — Oh, don't you know? Can't you see I'm wearing the big topi (sunhat) ?
Fatisingh was playing with baby Ruth. She had pulled a Gujarati Bible down from the table. Ruth's caretaker coming back said : " Fatisingh, why do you allow Ruth to have that Bible?" Fatisingh: — "She is singing some very nice songs out of the Bible. " j8
At the dispensary. " You must take that child to the doctor. "
Child's Father: — Costs too much; we can't.
" You must take it soon or the doctor shall not be able to do anything for it. "
Child's Father : — Then if we take it and it dies we will have all that expense for nothing. .j*
Children on the dispensary verandah : — Miss Sahib calls little Elizabeth.
Musa : — Elizabut go.
Girdar : — Elizabit, mama calls you.
Sara: — (With an important air calls loudly) Not that way; Elizabud, come quickly to mama.
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
25
HOW THEY WERE JUDGED
Gertrude Shaffer (Age 15) Out in the cold and noisy street
Stood a little girl, with shoeless feet; Her dress was poor and thin and old,
And her little feet were blue with cold.
She turned for shelter to an old wood shed;
" Get out of there, " a stern voice said. She turned again to the cold, dark street —
Did not he notice her bare, red feet?
She made a pitiful sigh and said, " I wish I had only a crust of bread,
A place to warm my cold, bare feet, And a shelter from the snow and sleet."
Could no one pity the homeless child Out in the street, with her face so mild?
She had no mother to dry her tears, So she stood alone, all racked with fears.
Away up street she saw a light
Still gleam and shine so full and bright; It seemed like home to the freezing child,
And a smile lit up her face so mild.
She drew up closer and saw the light Still bleam and shine so full and bright;
There stood a palace of marble white, And the poor girl gazed on the beautiful sight.
She wondered then, "Can I go up there? " Yes, she could, and slowly climbed the stair ; At the top she knocked upon the door,
Then stood and waited — she could do no more.
An anxious while, then the door swung wide, And the man of the house stood right in- side. "What do you want? " His voice was wild; "A crust of bread, and warmth," said the child.
Then the door flew shut with an awful sound,
And the startled child fell on the ground. 'Twas all her small strength could endure;
The man was cruel, she was sure.
Then fast the snow began to fall, And she pressed tight up against the wall.
Within, the man lay on his bed, And thought he had never a thing to dread.
That night grim death came to earth once more, And took both him and the child at his door, And carried them up to the Father above, Where they stood before his throne of love.
Then they were fairly judged, each one;
The Lord said, "Faithful girl, well done." But to the man, "Depart from me;
For this is not thy place," said he; "As you have done to the least of these,
So have you done unto me. "
AFRICA NOTES
(Continued from Page 22) hammedan settlement at Garkida, consisting mainly of Bura-Filani and Hausa. The former are the herd- ers of cattle and the latter are here largely for trading purposes. Altogether they number about fifty. #
The District officer of Biu, Mr. P du Putron, spent the week end of July 20 at Garkida. He had come out to do a bit of surveying in order properly to locate the southern boundary of the mission site. The mission families enjoyed his visit with them.
We are enjoying the first fruits from our gar- dens, though they are small in amount. It will take some time to discover which of our vegetables can be adapted to this soil and climate. After several plantings we have been able to get a little lettuce and a few beans, radishes and cucumbers. We hope for more later. <*&
By the end of the month the Hawal River had risen so high that we are practically cut off from the world on our western side. The boat which was at Garkida was removed last year by the district officer then in charge. This means that we shall have to discontinue the village services at Pelachuroma, the town just across the river from Garkida, until the rains have ceased.
Africa Notes for August
About the middle of August school reopened with quite a good attendance. There is considerable ir- regularity in attendance of some of the boys, be- cause of the work still to be done on the farms. The interest, however, is good. Arrangements had been made to accommodate the girls also, but as yet none of them have been in regular attendance.
August 5 the doctor, with the help of all of the other missionaries as nurses and assistants, per- formed an operation for elephantiasis, removing a tumor weighing about seven pounds. The patient was a young man who had been afflicted for the past five years. He had traveled all over the country to get help, but could find none. He feels very grateful, it seems. We are hoping that this opera- tion will help much in winning the hearts of our people to our work. jt
One dark night a leopard came along and car- ried off Mr. Helser's big dog. However, people have little fear from leopards here, as they are rarely known to attack humans. <2*
The church and school building was dedicated in the early part of this month. It is quite a satis- faction to have a place which is used expressly for religious and educational purposes.
26
The Missionary Visitor
Jar
1925
FINANCIAL REPORT
Conference Offering, 1924. As of November 29, 1924, the Conference (Budget) offering for the year ending February 28, 1925, stands as follows: Cash received, all funds since March 1,
1924, $185,454 64
(The 1924 Budget of $328,000.00 is 56.5% raised.) Mission Board Treasury Statement. The following shows the condition of mission finances on Novem- ber 29, 1924:
Income since March 1, 1924, $193,614 78
Income same period last year, 190,423 13
Increase, $ 3,191 65
Outgo over income since March 1, 1924, .. 10,907 78 Outgo over income same period last year, 66,052 81
Decrease outgo over income, $55,145 03
Mission deficit November 29, 1924, 27,726 59
Mission deficit October 31, 1924, 36,429 78
Decrease in deficit, $ 8,703 19
Tract Distribution. During the month of Octo- ber, the Board sent out 3,428 doctrinal tracts.
October Receipts. The following contributions for the various funds were received during October:
WORLD-WIDE Africa— $20.00
Indv. : Clarence C. Heckman & Wife, . . . .$ 20 00 Arizona— $43.13
S. S.: Phoenix, $19.65; Glendale, $8.50; C. W. S.: Phoenix, $9.98; Indv.: A Sister, $5, 43 13
Arkansas — $55.25
First Dist., Cong.: New Hope, $16.50; J. J. & N. A. Wassam (Austin) $10; Indv.: Mrs. Mattie Moore, $2, 28 50
N. W. Dist., S. S.: Springdale, $21.75;
Indv. : Mary C. Babb & Daughter, $5, . . . 26 75
California— $914.79
No. Dist., Cong.: Modesto, $9.70; Live Oak, $25; Waterford, $24; M. S. Frantz (M. N.) (Lindsay) $1; No. 76774 (Laton) $5; Nan- nie A. Harman (Lindsay) $3; R. H. Wil- liams & Family (Waterford) $2; S. S. : Mo- desto. $21.60; Live Oak, $2.51; C. W. S. : Oakland, $25.27, 119 08
So. Dist., Cong.: Pasadena, $326.29; E. San Diego, $23; Simon Hosfeldt (Glendora) $2; Elizabeth B. Vaniman (La Verne) $5; Franklin Buckwalter (Santa Ana) $5; Eunice Griffith (Pomona) $5; Mrs. W. H. Neher (La Verne) $10; H. E. Masters (San Diego) $50; S. S.: Pasadena, $239.88; E. San Diego, $27; Beginners Dept., Pasadena, $20; C. W. S. : Pasadena, $77.54; Indv.: Anna M. Moore, 795 71
Canada— $7.42
Cong.: Redcliff Mission, 7 42
Colorado— $245.33
E. Dist., Cong.: Colo. Springs, $25; Den- ver, $103; S. J. Heckman (Colo. Springs) $15; Paul L. Beghtel & Wife (Rocky Ford) $15; S. S.: Colo. Springs, $10.50; Indv.: Nic- olaus Kail, $10 178 50
W. Dist., Cong.: Grand Jet., $5; 1st Grand Valley, $56.86; S. S. : Fruita, $4.97, .. 66 83
Denmark — $16.00
Indv.: Grete Mikkelsen of Frederickhavn, 16 00
Florida— $13.40
Cong.: Arcadia, $5; Ross F. Sappington & Wife (Sebring) $5; D. E. Miller & Wife
(Sebring) $3; Indv.: J. E. Young, $.40, 13 40
Idaho— $217.52
Cong.: Boise Valley, $56; Emmett, $15; Nezperce, $10.27; Twin Falls, $40.50; Fruit- land, $50; J. B. Lehman (Nezperce) $5; S. S.: Boise Valley, $9.55; Weiser, $28.20; C.
W. S.: Twin Falls Intermediate, $3 217 52
Illinois— $1,638.09
No. Dist., Cong.: Elgin, $49; Naperville, $50; Milledgeville, $56.83; Dixon, $41.12;
Sterling, $81.46; Hickory Grove, $6.16; Mt. Morris, $100; Franklin Grove, $100; Cherry Grove, $9.70; Chicago, $1; Adaline M. Blough (Mt. Carroll) $2; Katherine Boyer (Waddams Grove) $50; Ruth Ulrey (Beth- any-Chicago) $5; Niels Esbensen (Chicago) $9; M. D. Wingert (Franklin Grove) $100; Mrs. Mabel Goshorn (Elgin) $10; Mrs. Loui- sa Shaw (Polo) $2; A. F. Wine & Wife (Chicago) $20; S. S. : Hastings St., Chicago, $95.89; Elgin, $175.36; Lanark, $78.43; Pine Creek, $11.31; Milledgeville, $18.46; Mt. Mor- ris, $58.66; Sterling, $22.82; Douglas Park,
Chicago, $23.61, 1,177 81
So. Dist., Cong.: Decatur, $30.50; Astoria, $21.40; So. Fulton (Astoria) $10; Girard, $173.46; Virden, $73.50; Romine, $6.25; I. G. Harshbarger (M. N.) (Girard) $.50; J. E. Bowman (Virden) $10; Mrs. J. H. Neal (Girard) $1; Mrs. R. A. Forney (Hudson) $4; Mrs. Marguerite McNeall & Cora Cling- ingsmith (Liberty) $5; Belle Huber (Girard) $1; A Sister (Hudson) $2; Mrs. S. W. Reed (Camp Creek) $2; No. 76425 (Girard) $5; S. S. : Cerro Gordo, $50; So. Fulton (Astoria) $15.67; Girard, $25; Mulberry Grove, $10; Primary Class, Martin Creek, $2; Aid Soc. : Girard, $10; Indv.: Mrs. Hannah Goodwin, $2, 460 28
India— $30.00
Indv.: H. P. & Kathryn Garner, 30 00
Indiana— $3,019.19
Mid. Dist., Cong.: Markle, $44.75; Hun- tington City, $189.75; Manchester, $581.35; Bachelors Run, $65.90; Wabash, $25.61; Clear Creek, $66.17; Portland, $15.50; Roann, $42.41; Cart Creek, $13.20; Loon Creek, $135.20; Plunge Creek Chapel, $36.07; Sala- monie, $48.15; Spring Creek, $21.26; Raleigh Snider & Wife (Bachelor Run) $5; Blanche Abshire (Roann) $5; Geo. F. Stultz (Hick- ory Grove) $1.50; Grace Miller Murphy (Couter-Mexico) $10; Ella Reist (Flora) $1; No. 76603 (Manchester) $2; Susanna Lech- rone (W. Eel River) $1; Emanuel Lechrone (W. Eel River) $5; W. E. Boyer & Wife (Manchester) $5; Josephine Hanna (Logans- port) $.50; Mrs. Emma Hamilton (Hunting- ton City) $15; Wesley Miller (Kewanna) $1; S. S. : Hickory Grove, $80.50; Bachelors Run, $9.60; Beaver Creek,_ $7.64; Loon Creek, $14.80; Joint Convention, Santa Fe, Pipe Creek, Logansport, Peru & Mexico, $60; Men's Bible Class, Manchester, $10; Aid Soc: Wabash, $5, 1,624 66
No. Dist., Cong.: No. Liberty, ^33; Au- burn, $14.28; Union Center, $125.55; Maple Grove, $21.75; W. Goshen, $156.39; Wakaru- sa, $48.50; Ft. Wayne, $18.88; Rock Run, $86.60; Solomon's Creek, $6.41; Sec. So. Bend $14.81; Pleasant Valley, $53; Bau- go, $37.69; Mary Yoder (Yellow River) $5; Sarah Wolf (Yellow River) $5; David Metz- ler (Nappanee) $10; Mrs. Earnest Goff (1st So. Bend) $5; Russell C. Burger (1st So. Bend) $5; E. Roy Burger (1st So. Bend) $5; Sarah Burger (1st So. Bend) $20; R. E. Burger (1st So. Bend) $20; John C. Collins & Wife (LaPorte) $5; Wm. U. Miller & Wife (Elkhart City) $10; Sarah Whitmer (1st So. Bend) $5; Mrs. Rose Shively (Yel- low River) $10; C. A. Hoffman (Shipshe- wana) $30; John J. Swander & Wife (Cedar Creek) $5; Mrs. George Kitch (Lick Creek) $5; A Brother (1st So. Bend) $2; No. 76454 (Bethany) $10; Mrs. Irene Musser (Ply- mouth) $8; S. S.: Walnut, $50; Ladies' Class, 1st So. Bend, $16.50; New Salem, $15; Pleasant Chapel, $20; Wawaka, $9.20; Cedar Creek, $20; No. Liberty, $38; Joint Conven- tion, Bremen, Yellow River, Nappanee & Camp Creek, $15; Elkhart City, $36; C. W. S.: Pine Creek (W. Goshen) $12, 1,013 56
So. Dist., Cong.: Anderson, $60.84;
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
27
Noblesville, $12.13; Muncie, $25; Nettle Creek, $31.65; Four Mile, $67; Buck Creek, $41.69; Pyrmont, $12.40; Arcadia, $25; Mis- sissinewa, $3; Mt. Pleasant, $6.25; Howard, $3; Ed. Nelson (Indianapolis) $5; Chas. H. Ellabarger (Nettle Creek) $12; J. E. Gaddis (Sampson Hill) $2; Jas. A. Breon & Wife (Beech Grove) $2.51; S. S. : Four Mile, $45; Mt. Pleasant, $1.01; Middletown, $2.01; Beth- el (Ladoga) $5.25; Grace (Indianapolis) $8.25;
Indv. : Sam Deweese, $10, 380 97
Iowa— $1,116.59
Mid. Dist., Cong.: Des Moines, $24.50; Maxwell, $15.50; Coon River, $3.05; C. B. Rowe (M. N.) (Dallas Center) $.50; D. F. Landis (M. N.) (Des Moines) $.50; Erne Snell (Des Moines) $2; S. S. : Garrison, $57.50; Dallas Center, $71.22; Cedar, $2.26; Indv.: No. 76344, $1; Mahlon Peck, $1 179 03
No. Dist., Cong.: Waterloo City (So. Waterloo) $302.11; Curlew, $15.35; Greene, $27.46; So. Waterloo, $63.54; Rebecca Heag- ley (Sheldon) $100; Mrs. Ella Ullom (Greene) $1; Anna Hamer (So. Waterloo) $10; David & Sarah Brallier (Curlew) $30; Ella Eikenberry (Greene) $10; R. O. Blough (So. Waterloo) $50; Ladies' Social Club, Waterloo City (So. Waterloo) $10, 619 45
So. Dist., Cong.: Fairview, $140; English River, $70; So. Keokuk, $39.11; S. Schlot- man (Council Bluffs) $10; Minerva Nichols (Crooked Creek) $1; S. S. : Osceola, $3; Aid Soc, English River, $50; Indv.: Mrs. Geo.
Replogle, $5, 318 11
Kansas— $757.54
N. E. Dist., Cong.: Ramona, $35; Rich- land Center, $53.68; Topeka, $50; W. A. Kinzie (M. N.) (Ottawa) $.50; Shuss Family (Sabetha) $10; Sadie Eavey (Morrill) $5; Cedlia R. Eavey (Morrill) $5; Wm. II. Sanger (Morrill) $10; Grace Steele (Mc- Louth) $20; S. S. : Abilene, $48; Oakland (Topeka) $41.25; Olathe, $4.41, 282 84
N. W. Dist., Cong.: Victor, $1.50; Ora E. Eavey (White Rock) $25; Martha Iken- berry (Quinter) $5; Nellie Albin (Maple Grove) $20; S. S. : Burr Oak, $9.10; Indv.: Unknown donor of Salina, $15; Mrs. Laura Duryee, $1, 76 60
S. E. Dist., Cong.: Osage, $25; Mrs. Harriet Smith (Osage) $5; Maggie Ruth- rauff (Paint Creek) $5; J. W. Kirkendall & Wife (Independence) $10; Katie Schul (Fre- donia) $20; Fannie Stevens (Osage) $10; Indv. : No. 76906, $3.50, 78 50
S. W. Dist., Cong.: Prairie View, $24.07; McPherson, $165.05; Conway Springs, $11.35; So. Larned, $55.67; A Sister (McPherson) $5; Oliver H. Austin & Wife (McPherson) $15; Mrs. V. E. Whitmer (E. Wichita) $2.50; James Brandt & Wife (Pleasant View) $10; J. E. Hope Family (Conway Springs) $2; Kate Yost (Peabody) $5; E. E. Hoffman (McPherson) $5; Mrs. Nannie Gump (Gar- den City) $2; S. S. : Pleasant View, $5.36;
Newton, $3.71; Bloom, $7.89, 319 60
Kentucky— $10.00
Indv.: B. Metzler 10 00
Louisiana — $155.20
Cong.: Roanoke, $14; S. S. : Roanoke, $131.20; Junior Bible Class, Roanoke, $10, .. 155 20
Maryland— $1,302.96
E. Dist., Cong.: Pleasant Hill (Bush Creek) $93.11; Union Bridge (Pipe Creek) $75.66; Bethany, $70; Scott Garner (Union Bridge-Pipe Creek) $.50; Almedia Weimer (Washington) $20; Mrs. D. A. Ebaugh (Meadow Branch) $2; H. E. Beard (Mead- ow Branch) $50; Sister X. Y. Z. (Meadow Branch) $10; S. S. : Rocky Ridge (Mono- cacy) $5; Piney Creek, $2.40; " Sunshine " Class, Washington, $15; Pleasant Hill, Bush Creek, $2.75; Westminster (Meadow Branch) $114.05; Long Green Valley, $26.11; Green Hill, $11.86; Indv.: No. 76431, $14, .... 512 44
Mid. Dist., Cong.: Vanclevesville (Berke- ley) $5.02; Brownsville, $145; Pleasant View, $334.50; Beaver Creek, $21; Delia M. Galor
(Mt. Zion-Beaver Creek) $5; Annie E. Hol- linger (Broadfording) $2; E. C. Mullendore (Brownsville) $30; No. 76523 (Hagerstown) $50; Walter S. Coffman (Manor) $15; S. S.: Pleasant View, $150; C. W. S. : Beaver Creek. $10, 767 52
W. Dist., Cong.: Cherry Grove, $10; Fair- view, $5; H. B. Sines (Pine Grove) $1; S. S. :
Fairview, $7, 23 00
Michigan— $386.81
Cong.: Zion, $17.22; Battle Creek, $27.46; Elmdale, $50; Harlan, $50.23; Shepherd, $20.46; Sugar Ridge, $26; Onekama, $20.04; Beaverton, $55.40; Homestead, $4.62; Mrs. Ester Hostetler (Zion) $4; Mrs. Alia Em- rick (New Haven) $2; Samuel Bowser (M. N.) (Elmdale) $.50; John Swanstra & Wife (Beaverton) $10; M. B. Williams (Detroit) $5; S. S. : Hart, $37.98; Grand Rapids, $6.81; Zion, $6.29; Midland, $4.83; Thornapple, $20; Elsie, $2.50; Sunfield, $6; Indv.: Aaron Pu-
terbaugh & Wife, $9.47, 386 81
Minnesota— $128.07
Cong.: Lewiston, $47.97; Worthington, $21.38; Mrs. Chalmer Barley (Bethel) $5; Silver J. Cummins & Wife (Nemadji) $13; Minnie E. Smith (Minneapolis) $1; John Kaiser (Minneapolis) $9; Albert Seidel & Wife (Worthington) $5; S. S. : Lewiston,
$25.72, 128 07
Mississippi— $1.08
Cong.: Mrs. V. E. Massey (Edith), 108
Missouri — $363.71
Mid. Dist., Cong.: So. Warrensburg, $1; Warrensburg City, $28.11; Mary M. Cox (Warrensburg) $2; Wiliam, Nannie & Mary Wagner (Mound) $6; Mrs. Hannah Lentz (Mound) $2; L. P. Donaldson (Mound) $5; Elda Gauss (Centerview) $5; J. W. Bren- neman (Kansas City) $5; S. S. : Prairie View, $10.31; Mound, $11.65; Indv.: G. W. Tannreuther, $50; Mrs. Oscar Doty, $6 132 07
No. Dist., Cong.: So. St. Joseph, $9; Wa- kenda, $37; Kate Shirky (Rockingham) $5; David W. Sandy (Kidder) $100; S. S. : No. Bethel (Bethel) $13.96; Walnut Grove (Smith Fork) $32.28, 197 24
S. W. Dist., Cong.: Carthage, $9.65; D. H. Wampler & Wife (Dry Fork) $5; Mrs. W. P. Jacobs (Carthage) $2.50; S. S. : Fair-
vitw, $14; Oak Grove, $3.25, 34 40
Montana — $13.00
E. Dist., Cong.: Edgar T. Riley (Poplar Valley) $4; Indv.: Amos M. Jacobs & Family, $3 7 00
W. Dist., Cong.: Kalispell, 6 00
Nebraska— $96.22
Cong.: So. Red Cloud, $10; Lincoln, $55.75; No. 76391 (Octavia) $5.80; E. S. Fitz (Red Cloud) $5; Hiram Miler & Wife (Afton) $8;
S. S. : Silver Lake, $11.67, 96 22
New Mexr'co — $10.00
Cong.: S. A. Mohler (Miami) $5; Mary &
Kathryn Royer (Clovis) $5, 10 00
New York— $10.00
Cong.: Samuel B. Heckman (Brooklyn), 10 00
North Carolina^$25.00
Cong.: J. I. Branscom (Mill Creek), 25 00
North Dakota— $84.00
Cong.: Brumbaugh, $4; Minot, $26.65; Kenmare, $10; G. I. Michael (Kenmare) $25; Walter Troxel (Berthold) $10; Mabel Irwin (Egeland) $2; S. S. : Egeland, $6.35, .. 84 00
Oh o— $2,398.15
N. E. Dist., Cong.: Freeburg, $40.42; Black River, $207.20; Baltic, $10; Richland, $51.95; Goshen, $10.25; Akron City, $103; E. Chippewa, $85.50; Cleveland, $40.49; Wooster, $17; Maude Cooperrider (Greenwood) $2; Sarah Lawver (E. Nimishillen) $1; H. W. Martin & Wife (Maple Grove) $50; Mrs. J. A. Glass (Jonathan Creek) $2; L. J. Dula- bahn & Wife (E. Chippewa) $5; Mrs. Sarah Secrest (Beech Grove-E. Chippewa) $1; Dr. Geo. H. Irvin (Wooster) $10.25; E. I. Ober (Wooster) $20; S. S. : Canton City, $102.30;
28
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
" King's Daughters " Class, E. Chippewa, $5; Mothers' Class, E. Chippewa, $2.50; Loyal Women's Class," Ashland City, $5; Springfield, $28.80; Owl Creek, $10.18; Maple Grove, $35.50; Aid Soc. : Maple Grove-, $15; E. Chippewa, $25; Indv.: Alfred & Eliza- beth Longanecker, $5, 89134
N. W. Dist., Cong.: Fostoria, $103.65; Pleasant View, $231.17; No. Poplar Ridge (Poplar Ridge) $25; Green Spring, $68.68; Dupont, $100; County Line, $10.42; No. Pop- lar Ridge Cong. & S. S. (Poplar Ridge) $46.76; Mrs. M. Shock (Poplar Ridge) $.25; Mrs. G. C. Harrison (Swan Creek) $1; Sarah Smith (Swan Creek) $5; O. P. Haines (Sugar Creek) $30; S. S. : Sugar Creek, $3.19; So. Poplar Ridge (Poplar Ridge) $5; Indv.: Lydia Fried, $25, 655 12
So. Dist., Cong.: Brookville, $48.10; Oak- land, $18.93; Prices Creek, $55.60; W. Mil- ton, $37.46; Donnels Creek, $40.65; W. Charleston, $150.63; Middle District, $60.61; Strait Creek Valley, $5.45; Marble Furnace, $4; Mrs. P. V. Coppess (Greenville) $1; C. S. Zimmerman (W. Dayton) $5; Wm. F. Cou- ser (W. Dayton) $10; L. B. Miller (Salem) $2; Dayton K. Brubaker (W. Dayton) $10; Mrs. Ida M. Eley (Castine) $5; Barbara Erbaugh (Trotwood) $5; Chas. Knoepfle & Wife (Cincinnati) $50; A. H. Bucklew & Wife (Oakland) $5; Sara Bigler (Oakland) $2; Anna Lesh (Stone Lick) $2; Ellen E. Boughnecht (Trotwood) $10; S. S. : Happy Corner (Lower Stillwater) $98.54; Green- ville, $11.70; Cincinnati, $10; Georgetown, (Pitsburg-Salem) $20; "Buds of Hope Girls Club," Cincinnati, $5; Marble Furnace, $1.70; Harris Creek, $59.06; Zion (Brook- ville) $4.31; Pleasant Hill, $19.69; Bethel (Sa- lem) $78.26; Indv.: Elizabeth Kiracofe, $5;
N. W. Rinehart, $10, 851 69
Oklahoma— $108.56
Cong.: Bartlesville, $10.31; Washita, $55.98; Mrs. S. Latimer (Washita) $5; Mrs. D. E. Long (Washita) $1; S. S. : Washita, $19.17; Indv.: Bertha Ryan Shirk, $2.10; R. S. & Ella Rust, $5; L. M. Dodd & Wife,
$10, 108 56
Oregon— $71.71
Cong.: Albany, $35; Mabel, $20; Mrs. C. A. Robinson (Portland) $2; C. Spangler (Portland) $1; A. B. & Lizzie, Coover (Grants Pass) $10; S. S.: Albany, $3.71, .... 71 71
Pennsylvania— $4,117.85
E. Dist., Cong.: Little Swatara, $65.50; Big Swatara, $70.57; Elizabethtown, $300; Conestoga, $69.81; Spring Creek, $11.05; Me- chanic Grove, $54.72; Hatfield, $30; Rich- land, $38; Two Sisters (Indian Creek) $10; No. 77239 (Elizabethtown) $3; No. 77238 (Elizabethtown) $5; No. 77237 (Elizabeth- town) $10; No. 77236 (Elizabethtown) $15; A. W. Felker (Lancaster) $25; Isaac Schaef- fer (Lancaster) $3; Roy L. Schaeffer (Lan- caster) $2; R. A. Nedrow (M. N.) (Lake Ridge) $1; Mathias P. Landis & Wife (In- dian Creek) $10; A Sister (Palmyra) $50; E. H. Hertzler (Lancaster) $2; Unknown donor of Elizabethtown, $1; A. H. Shissler (Cone- wago) $2.80; A Volunteer (Elizabethtown) $8; S. S. : Elizabethtown, $50; "The Glean- er's" Class, Lancaster, $50; "Willing Workers" Class, Annville, $15; S. S. : Springville, $42.17; Hummelstown (Spring Creek) $11; Spring Creek, $16.71; E. Peters- burg, $20; Harrisburg, $150; Ephrata, $75; E. Fairview, $13.27; Paxton (Big Swatara) $14.12; Lititz, $22.60; E. Hanover (Big Swa- tara) $4; C. W. S.: E. Petersburg, $7.95; Mechanic Grove, $7.95, 1,287 22
Mid. Dist., Cong.: 28th St., Altoona, $108; Koontz, $27; Dry Valley, $22.55; Burnham, $17; Clover Creek, $72.45; Ardenheim, $56; Charlotte Roberts (Artemas) $2; A Brother (Spring Run) $10; James R. Long (Arden- heim) $1; A. B. Wakefield (Aughwick) $5; W. A. Gaunt (Huntingdon) $5; Jerry & Clara Klepser (Clover Creek) $25; R. T. Myers
(Spring Run) $5; Mrs. J. L. Wineland (Clo- ver Creek) $1; F. M. Russell (Clover Creek) $5; Geo. White (Lewistown) $3; Susan Rou- zer (Dunnings Creek) $5; No. 76546 (Burn- ham) $15; J. W. Bible (Artemas) $5; John Eennett (Artemas) $5; H. Paul Cox (28th St., Altoona) $5; Mary A. Kinsey (Dun- nings Creek) $10; A Brother (Spring Run) $10; S. S.: Spring Run, $25.38; Yellow Creek, $6; Maitland (Dry Valley) $4; Burn- ham, $33; Hill Valley (Aughwick) $3.99; Clover Creek, $8.41; Riddlesburg, $5; Mrs. Minnie Replogle's Class, 28th St., Altoona, $10; Mrs. Mary Haller's Class, 28th St., Altoona, $10; Indv.: Mrs. W. S. Ake, $5; Israel Etter, $3, 533 78
So. Dist., Cong.: Lost Creek, $12.33; Sugar Valley, $13.15; Carlisle, $54.11; Shippens- burg (Ridge) $115; Free Spring (Lost Creek) $5; Two Sisters (Waynesboro) $2; E. J. Egan & Family (Ridge) $5; Mrs. Isaac S. Miller (Upper Conewago) $50; Nora Sieber Sausman (Lost Creek) $20; Mrs. Catherine Garland (Carlisle) $5; Krissinger Sisters (Lost Creek) $12; Mrs. Ida Minnich (Car- lisle) $1; Louisa Burris (Lost Creek) $2; H. J. & Anna Shallenberger (Lost Creek) $10; S. S. : Waynesboro, $316.03; Hampton (Upper Conewago) $17.07; Mechanicsburg (Lower Cumberland) $50.28; Chest Grove (Upper Codorus) $21; Carlisle, $5.97; Pleasant Hill (Codorus) $5.25; New Fairview, $9.67; Brandt's (Back Creek) $6; Indv.: J. E. Win- gert, $5; Aid Soc: East Berlin (Upper Conewago) $25, 767 86
S. E. Dist., Cong.: Norristown, $48.32; Wilmington, $14.60; Brooklyn, $10; German- town (Philadelphia) $77.95; Mrs. Annie Brower (Parkerford) $10; Lizzie Brower Parkerford) $20; C. P. (Parkerford) $50; W. L. Eikenberry & Wife (Royersford) $10; C. J. Brower (Parkerford) $10; Anna M. Groff (Green Tree) $2; No. 76367 (1st Phila.) $20; S. S.: Sunday School Assn., $139.44; Wil- mington, $2.40; Norristown, $5.25; Parker- ford, $65; Indv.: D. G. Hendricks, $1, 485 96
W. Dist., Cong.: Maple Glen, $43.57; Red Bank, $22.05; Elk Lick, $65.72; Somerset, $137; Montgomery, $30; Quemahoning, $36.08; Beachdale House (Berlin) $27.65; Rockton, $10; Meyersdale, $88.13; Norman S. Berkey (Windber) $20; Mrs. Wilbur Bloom (Greenville-Rockton) $5; Mrs. An- drew McKeoun (Greenville-Rockton) $1; No. 77032 (Scalp Level) $2; Mrs. Elizabeth Kna- vel and Florence Knavel (Windber) $20; Anna Yates (Mt. Joy) $5; Cyrus Horner & Wife (Rummel) $12.50; Mrs. Agnes Heiple (Roxbury) $10; Elda Wertz (Walnut Grove) $30; Mrs. Glenn Mountain (Manor) $5; D. P. Hoover (M. N.) (Rummel) $.50; J. Merle Mineely (Walnut Grove) $10; Mahlon Hoff- man & Wife (Roxbury) $5; W. J. Hamilton & Wife (Rockwood) $15; A Sister (Rockton) $2; J. Clark Brilhart (Montgomery) $6; Thomas Hardin (Hyndman) $1; Roy G. Wertz (Johnstown) $10; S. S.: Geiger, $4.80; Maple Spring (Quemahoning) $200; Red Bank, $7.08; "Daughters of Kingdom" Class, Mt. Joy, $50; Hooversville, $15.37; Windber, $25.28; Maple Grove (Johnstown) $12.50; Waterford (Ligonier) $34.30; Pike (Brothersvalley) $38.35; Rockton, $10; Adult Class (Cumberland) $7; Pittsburgh, $13.15;
Aid Soc: Maple Grove (Johnstown) $5 1,043 03
South Dakota— $5.00
Indv.: Nora Thurston 5 00
Tennessee — $24.60
S. S. : French Broad, $9; Meadow Branch, $14.60; Indv.: Mrs. Mary E. Shadow, $1, .. 24 60
Texas— $65.56
Cong.: Ft. Worth Cong. & S. S., $30; John O. Pearson (Ft. Worth) $20; S. S.:
Manvel, $13.06; Indv.: No. 76471, $2.50, 65 56
Virginia— $708.29
E. Dist., Cong.: H. S. Knight (Mt. Car- mel) $5; Mrs. Johanna Marshall (Manassas) $1; Eva G. Glick (Trevilian) $5; W. R.
January 1925
The Missionary Visitor
29
Hooker (Nokesville) $10; S. S. : Lower Union (Locust Grove) $2.50; Belmont, $7.23; Nokes- ville, $35.79; Indv.: Mrs. J. A. Kauffman, $3, 69 52
First Dist., Cong.: Saunders Grove, $3; 9th St. Roanoke, $83.50; Tinker Creek (Roanoke City) $5; G. P. Hylton (Smiths Chapel) $10; Mrs. Ella Bowman (Bluefield) $1; Mollie Manges (Daleville) $5; Mrs. S. C. Showalter (Troutville) $5; Frankie Sho- walter (Troutville) $10; W. A. Rux (Clover- dale) $10; S. S.: Lynchburg, $7.08, 139 58
No. Dist., Harrisonburg, $14.17; Cooks Creek, $8; Timberville, $82.27; Harry H. Bauserman (Powells Ford) $4; Mrs. Sarah C. Andes (Harrisonburg) $3; Mrs. Sallie C. Barnhart (Cooks Creek) $5; S. S. : Harrison- burg, $9.30; Women's Bible Class, Bethel (Unity) $5; Mt. Olivet (Timberville) $10; Dayton (Cooks Creek) $19.23 159 97
Sec. Dist., Cong.: Grottoes Mission (Pleasant Valley) $12; Bridgewater, $200; Barren Ridge, $25.84; Ressie Kanost (Mos- cow-Lebanon) $2; S. S.: Barren Ridge, $4.92; Branch (Sangerville) $14.72; Moscow (Leba- non) $6.90; Indv.: Mrs. J. S. Meyerhoffer, $2; A. H. Miller, $5, 273 38
So. Dist., Cong.: Christiansburg, $29.11; Red Oak Grove, $6.58; Mrs. Mary E. Lemon (Antioch) $1; Sarah J. Hylton (Coulson) $2; Mrs. Mary J. Tucker (Christiansburg) $3; Mrs. Mollie Pilson (Mt. Hermon) $5; S. S. : Boone Chapel (Snow Creek) $6.50; Pleas- ant Hill, $7.65; Indv.: P. E. Bowman & Wife, $5, 65 84
Washington— $105.21
Cong.: Tacoma, $7.13; 1st Spokane Cong. & S. S., $5.35; B. F. Glick (Tacoma) $30; Mrs. Esther Myers (Centralia) $20; Mrs. C. A. Ives & Daughter (Centralia) $7; Mrs. M. C. Faringer (Seattle) $2; Mrs. C. M. Holdren (Yakima) $5; S. S. : Outlook, $5; Mt. Hope, $12.85; Okanogan Valley, $5.88;
Indv.: No. 76503, $5 105 21
West Virginia— $64.80
1st Dist., Cong.: Tearcoat, $5; Kelley Chapel (White Pine) $6; Mrs. Alice Liller (White Pine) $5; Mrs. Margaret Schell (Greenland) $5; Mrs. Roy C. Watring, $2; G T. & K. E. Leatherman (Greenland) $10; Fannie M. Bane (Beaver Run) $25, 58 00
Sec. Dist., Cong.: Harry Smith (Pleasant Valley) $1; Paris Smith (Pleasant Valley) $1; S. S. : Jordanville (Pleasant Valley)
$2.85; Indv.: J. F. Ross, $1.95 6 80
Wisconsin— $137.41
Cong.: Worden Cong. & S. S., $15.50; Stanley, $31.20; J. M. Fruit (Ash Ridge) $50; Allie Ekleberry (Ash Ridge) $5; Howard Peden & Wife (Chippewa Valley) $2; Earl Cook (Chippewa Valley) $5; Mrs. J. C. Snyder (Centralia) $5; Mrs. Ada Browne (Stanley) $2; S. S. : White Rapids, $1.31; Chippewa Valley, $12.15; Aid Soc: Stanley, $2.25; Indv.: Sarah E. Wilson, $4; Mrs. G. W. Burns, $2, 137 41
Total for the month $ 18,487 44
Total previously reported, 33,788 63
Total for the year, $ 52,276 07
EMERGENCY FOR MISSIONS California— $101.35
No. Dist., S. S.: Rio Linda, $2.69; Pat- terson, $23.83; Lindsay, $74.83 $ 10135
Idaho— $7.32
S. S. : Weiser, 7 32
Illinois— $127.62
No. Dist., Cong.: Batavia, $48.28; S. S. : Franklin Grove, $45.25; Louisa (Waddams Grove) $8 101 53
So. Dist., S. S.: Decatur, $10.50; La
Motte Prairie, $10.60; Astoria, $4.99, 26 09
Indiana— $398.56
Mid. Dist., S. S.: Manchester, $300; Ogans Creek Cong. & S. S., $61.71; Santa Fe, $23-09, 384 80
No. Dist., S. S.: Oak Grove, 11 76
So. Dist., Cong.: Mrs. Anna McGuire
(Indianapolis), 2 00
Iowa— $39.61
Mid. Dist., S. S.: Des Moines, 10 00
No. Dist., S. S. : Sheldon 10 11
So. Dist., S. S.: Fairview, $7.15; Frank- lin, $6.19; Council Bluffs, $6.16, 19 50
Kansas— $19.11
N. E. Dist., Cong.: No. 76386 (Wade Branch) $2.16; S. S. : Wade Branch, $6.71, .. 8 87
S. W. Dist., S. S.: Monitor, $6.08; New- ton, $416, 10 24
Louisiana— $7.02
Cong.: Roanoke, 7 02
Maryland— $287.04
E. Dist., S. S. : Union Bridge (Pipe Creek) $5.79; Westminster (Meadow Branch) $214; Grossnickle (Middletown Valley) $9; Blue Ridge College (Pipe Creek) $53.25; Detour
(Monocacy) $5, 287 04
Missouri — $1.30
S. W. Dist., S. S.: Carthage, 1 30
North Dakota— $5.00
S. S.: Minot, 5 00
Ohio— $165.37
N. E. Dist., S. S.: Olivet, $12.62; Para- dise (Wooster) $3; Richland, $13, 28 62
N. W. Dist., S. S.: Toledo, $4.48; No. Poplar Ridge (Poplar Ridge) $30.58; Lick Creek, $12.25; Sugar Creek, $5.27, 52 58
So. Dist., Cong.: W. Charleston, $35.41; S. S.: Brookville, $25.34; Union City, $9.39;
Painter Creek, $14.03 84 17
Pennsylvania— $109.14
Mid. Dist., Cong.: 28th St. Altoona, $10; F. B. Gartland & Wife (Roaring Spring) $12; S. S.: Holsinger (Woodbury) $4.25; Hill Valley (Aughwick) $1.25; Burnham, $19.23; " Stars " Class, Fairview, $10; Clover Creek, $8.91, '. 65 64
So. Dist., S. S. : Hanover, $16; Pleasant Hill (Codorus) $4, 20 00
W. Dist., S. S. : Maple Grove (Johnstown)
$3.50; Waterford (Ligonier) $20, 23 50
South Dakota— $11.18
S. S.: Willow Creek 11 18
Virginia— $63.01
E. Dist., S. S.: Oakton, 25 60
No. Dist., Cong.: Garbers (Cooks Creek) $10; S. S. : Harrisonburg, $18.47, 28 47
Sec. Dist., S. S.: Sangerville, $4.88; Bar- ren Ridge, $4.06, 8 94
West Virginia— $8.48
First Dist., Cong.: Beaver Run, $7.15; S.
S.: Lime Rock (Eglon) $1.33, 8 48
Wisconsin— $5.49
S. S.: Rice Lake, $1.89; Chippewa Valley, $3.60, 5 49
Total for the month, $ 1,356 60
Total previously reported 5,914 45
Total for the year $ 7,271 05
AID SOCIETY HOME MISSION FUND Illinois— $225.00
No. Dist. & Wis. Aid Societies, $ 225 00
Indiana — $63.22
Mid. Dist., Aid Soc: W. Eel River, $5; Spring Creek, $20; Dist. Aid Meeting, $33.22; Peru, $5, 63 22
Maryland— $10.00
Mid. Dist., Aid Soc: Broadfording, 10 00
Missouri — 44.00
Mid. Dist. Aid Societies, 44 00
North Dakota— $5.00
Aid Soc. : Zion (Kenmare), 5 00
Pennsylvania— $95.00
E. Dist., Aid Soc: Spring Creek 20 00
S. E. Dist., Aid Soc: Parkerford, $25; First Philadelphia, $50, 75 00
30
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
Virginia— $150.00
E. Dist. Aid Societies
No. Dist., Aid Soc. : Linville Creek,
Total for the month, -. $ 592 22
Total previously reported 6,819 99
100 00 50 00
Washington— $40.00
S. S.: Whitestone,
40 00
Total for the year, $ 7,412 21
HOME MISSIONS
Illinois — $1.65
No. Dist., Cong.: Mt. Morris,
Missouri — $56.70
Mid. Dist., Cong.: Warrensburg,
S. E. Dist., Cong.: Broadwater,
Ohio— $20.00
N. E. Dist., S. S. : "Ladies" Bible Class,
Baltic,
Pennsylvania — $1.50
W. Dist., S. S. : Cowanshannock,
Texas— $3.00
Cong.: Iva Carpenter (Manvel,
1 65
35 38 21 32
20 00 1 50 3 00
Total for the month, $ 82 25
Total previously reported, 507 38
Total for the year,
.$ 590 23
GREENE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, MISSION California— $15.25
No. Dist., S. S.: Women's Bible Class (McFarland) $ 5 25
So. Dist., S. S.: Pasadena, 10 00
Ohio— $81.71
So. Dist., S. S.: Sidney, 81 71
O kl a ho mar— $2 . 00
Indv.: Martin Garst, $1; Ellen Garst, $1, 2 00
Wisconsin— $6.17
S. S.: Rice Lake, 6 17
Total for the • month,
Total previously reported,
105 13 635 60
Total for the year, $
FOREIGN MISSIONS Illinois— $2.90
So. Dist., Cong.: H. W. Strickler (Lo-
raine), !j
Indiana— $25.00
Mid. Dist., Cong.: Mrs. David E. Fisher
(Mexico) ,
Kansas— $1.50
N. W. Dist., Indv.: Mrs. Ben W. Ad- field,
Maryland— $5.87
Mid. Dist., S. S. : Stonebridge (Licking
Creek),
Missouri — $2.00
S. W. Dist., Cong.: E. A. Holmes (Carth- age),
Ohio— $9.50
So. Dist., Cong.: Middletown,
Oklahoma— $4.00
S. S. : Coyle (Paradise Prairie),
Pennsylvania— $22.00
So. Dist., S. S. : Shrewsbury & New Freedom (Codorus),
S. E. Dist., Cong.: Harmony ville,
Total for the month, $ 72 77
Total previously reported, 2,749 39
740 73
2 90
25 00
1 50
5 87
|
2 00 |
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9 50 |
|
4 00 |
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15 00 7 00 |
Total for the year, $ 2,822 16
INDIA MISSION California— $34.23
So. Dist., S. S. : Junior & Primary
Depts. (La Verne), $ 34 23
Illinois— $9.52
So. Dist., Cong.: Kaskaskia, $7.52; Mrs.
S. W. Reed (Camp Creek) $2, 9 52
Pennsylvania— $10.00
Mid. Dist., S. S.: Rockhill (Aughwick), 10 00
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
93 75 2,615 97
Total for the year, $ 2,709 72
INDIA NATIVE WORKER Florida— $10.00
Indv. : J. E. Young, $ 10 00
Illinois— $85.00
So. Dist., Cong.: No. 76298 (Woodland), 85 00
Indiana— $20.00
No. Dist., S. S.: "Guardian" Class, No.
Winona, 20 00
Maryland— $40.00
E. Dist., Cong.: Edward C. Bixler & Wife
(Pipe Creek), 40 00
Virginia— $40.00
Sec. Dist., Aid Soc: Bridgewater, 40 00
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
195 00 649 50
Total for the year, $ 844 50
INDIA BOARDING SCHOOL
Kansas— $25.00
S. W. Dist., S. S.: Bloom, $ 25 00
Michigan— $.40
Cong.: Beaverton, 40
Ohio— $10.00
So. Dist., S. S.: "Busy Bee" Class, Bear
Creek, 10 00
Virginia— $35.00
Sec. Dist., Aid Soc: Pleasant Valley, .... 35 00
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
70 40 1,177 95
Total for the year, $ 1,248 35
INDIA SHARE PLAN Calif ornia— $35.75
No. Dist., C. W. S.: Y. P. Dept., Modes- to, $6.25; Oakland, $12.50, $ 18 75
So. Dist., Cong.: J. B. Emmert & Family
(La Verne), 17 00
Illinois— $140.00
No. Dist., S. S.: Ladies' Div. of Mustard Seed Class, Milledgeville, $25; "True Blue" Class, Pine Creek, $15; Douglas Park, (Chi- cago) $100, 140 00
Iowa— $5.00
No. Dist., S. S.: "Live Wire" Class,
Kingsley, 5 00
Kansas— $25.00
S. E. Dist., S. S.: "Christian Friendship
Circle " New Hope, 25 00
Maryland— $25.00
E. Dist., S. S.: Pipe Creek, 25 00
Michigan— $37.50
Cong.: Edith M. Scrogum (Hart) $12.50;
S. S. : Sunfield, $25 37 50
Nebraska— $7.85
S. S.: Alvo, 7 85
Ohio— $100.00
N. W. Dist., Indv.: Claude G. Vore & Wife, 25 00
So. Dist., Cong.: Mildred Heeter (de- ceased) (Bear Creek), 75 00
Pennsylvania— $85.00
Mid. Dist., Cong.: Roaring Spring, $50; S. S. : Spring Run, $25, 75 00
So. Dist., S. S.: Junior Girls Class, Ridge, 10 00
Virginia— $6.25
No. Dist., S. S.: "Willing Workers" Class, Mill Creek, 6 25
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
467 35 3,056 77
Total for the year, $ 3,524 12
January The
1925
INDIA HOSPITALS Oregon— $19.92
S. S.: Portland, $
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
Total for the year, $
DAHANU HOSPITAL BUILDING Minnesota— $200.00
Cong.: A. J. & Mary Nickey $
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
Total for the year, $
CHINA MISSION Idaho— $20.30
Cong.: Nampa, $
Illinois— $160.26
No. Dist., S. S.: Bethany Center (Chi- cago)
Iowa— $450.00
S. S.'s of No. la., Minn. & S. D.,
Kansas— $150.00
S. W. Dist., Cong.: J. M. Eash (Monitor),
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
Total for the year, $
CHINA NATIVE WORKER
Washington— $60.78
S. S.: Seattle, $
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
Total for the year, $
CHINA BOYS' SCHOOL Indiana— $2.50
Mid. Dist., C. W. S. : Loon Creek Junior, Michigan — $.10 Cong.: Beaverton,
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported,
Total for the year, $
CHINA GIRLS' SCHOOL Indiana— $2.50
Mid. Dist., C. W. S. : Loon Creek Junior, Michigan— $.10
Cong.: Beaverton,
Wisconsin— $.86
S. S. : Rice Lake,
Total for the month, $
Total previously reported
Total for the year, $
CHINA SHARE PLAN California— $23.75
No. Dist., C. W. S. : Oakland, $
So. Dist., S. S. : Hermosa Beach,
Illinois— $12.50
So. Dist., S. S.: "Stand True & Ready"
Class, Woodland,
Indiana— $37.50
Mid. Dist., C. W. S.: Markle,
No. Dist., Nappanee C. W. M.,
Iowa— $30.00
Mid. Dist., S. S. : "Victor" Class, Dallas Center,
No. Dist., S. S.: "Live Wires" Class,
Kingsley,
North Dakota— $31.25
S. S. : Kenmare, $25; "Banner" Class,
Surrey, $6.25,
Pennsylvania— $93.75
E. Dist., S. S.: "Ever Faithful" Class',
Missionary Visitor 31
Lancaster, 50 00
So. Dist., Cong.: Mabel Arbegast (Lower 19 92 Cumberland) $25; S. S. : "Always There" Class, Waynesboro, $18.75, 43 75
19 92 Washington— $25.00
22 00 S. S.: Primary & Junior Dept., Seattle, 25 00
41 92 Total for the month, $ 253 75
Total previously reported, 1,402 51
Total for the year $ 1,656 26
200 00
CHINA HOSPITALS 200 00 Kentucky— $3.00 0 00 Indv.: M. E. Ralston, $ 3 00
"^rr: Maryland— $8.00
^00 OU Mid Digt) Cong . Susan Rowland (Ha-
gerstown), 8 00
20 30 Total for the month, $ 11 00
Total previously reported, 53 48
.,n .. Total for the year, $ 64 48
160 zo
AFRICA MISSION irn nn Arizona— $5.00
Indv.: A Brother & Family, $ 5 00
150 00 California— $14.29
No. Dist., Cong.: Mrs. Nina E. Wirth
780 56 (Modesto) $5;; S. S. : Modesto, $9.29, 14 29
1,008 82 Illinois— $6.00
So. Dist., D. V. B. S. : La Motte Prairie, 6 00
1,789 38 Indiana— $310.84
Mid. Dist., S. S.: Men's Class, Manches- ter 300 00
m m No. Dist., S. S.: Mrs. Wm. Nickler's
60 78 Class, Middlebury, 8 50
— — So. Dist., S. S. : Noblesville, 2 34
jj? I Iowa-$21.16
So. Dist., S. S.: Salem, $13.66; Primary
462 18 DePt-. English River, $7.50, 21 16
Kansas — $25.05
S. W. Dist., S. S. : Conway Springs, 25 05
? cn Missouri — $4.15
No. Dist., Cong.: Ruth A. Pulse (Rock- ingham), 4 15
Pennsylvania— $40.00
2 60 Mid. Dist., Cong.: No. 76721 (1st Altoona), 10 00
141 55 S. E. Dist., Cong.: Emma N. Cassel (Nor-
ristown), 5 00
1441c W. Dist., S. S.: "Queen Esther" Class,
Mt. Joy 25 00
Texas— $3.00 Indv.: D. H. Clark, $1; Wilma Clark, $.50;
2 50 Vincent Clark, $.50; Mrs. D. H. Clark, $1, .. 3 00
Virginia— $.30 1U So. Dist., Indv.: W. H. Edmonson &
Family, 30
86 Wisconsin— $3.86 — S. S.: Rice Lake, 3 86
3 46
131 43 Total for the month, $ 433 65
Total previously reported 1,163 00
Total for the year, $ 1,596 65
AFRICA SHARE PLAN
u 50 Indiana— $50.00
11 2S No. Dist., S. S.: "Excelsior" Class, Yel-
low River, $ 50 00
Pennsylvania— $25.00
12 50 Mid Distj S s.: Spring Run, 25 00
12 50 Total for the month, $ 75 00
25 00 Total previously reported, 145 00
Total for the year, $ 220 00
25 00 NEAR EAST RELIEF
Idaho— $28.50
500 Cong. & S. S.: Clearwater, $22.50; S. S. :
Emmett, $6, •. $ 28 50
Indiana— $127.00 31 23 No. Dist., Cong.: W. Goshen, $48; Pleas-
ant Valley, $10; Amanda Miller (Goshen) $12; Chas. & Nettie Weybright (Syracuse)
32
The Missionary Visitor
January 1925
$12; S. S.: Cleveland Union (Elkhart City) $5; " Berean " Bible Class, Elkhart, $30; " Gleaners " and " Willing Workers "
Classes, Cedar Lake, $10, , 127 00
Ohio— $60.00
So. Dist., Cong. : Mrs. Rupert Landis (Covington) $10; Aid Soc.: Brookville, $50, 60 00
Pennsylvania— $407.79
E. Dist., Cong.: Palmyra, $157; White Oak, $1; C. R. Bashore (Little Swatara) $5; B. K. Eshelman (W. Green Tree) $15; S. S.: Manheim (White Oak) $32.79; Mid- way, $24; " Willing Workers " Class, Me- chanic Grove, $8; Longenecker's (White Oak) $93, 335 79
W. Dist., Cong.: Walnut Grove, 72 00
Texas— $1.00
Cong.: Iva Carpenter (Manvel), 1 00
Total for the month, $ 624 29
Total previously reported, 3,373 57
Total for the year, $ 3,997 86
GENERAL RELIEF
California— $14.84
No. Dist., Cong.: Laton, $ 14 84
Ohio— $3.00
So. Dist., Constance Mission & S. S 3 00
Total for the month, $ 17 84
Total previously reported, 52 70
Total for the year, $ 70 54
FORWARD MOVEMENT— 1923
Illinois— $10.70
No. Dist., Cong.: Hickory Grove, $ 10 70
Michigan— $12.00 Cong.: Sunfield 12 00
Total for the month, $ 22 70
Total previously reported 4,422 18
Total for the year $ 4,444 88
CONFERENCE BUDGET— 1924
Arkansas— $5.00
Indv.: Mary C. Babb & Daughter, $ 5 00
California— $25.00
No. Dist., Cong.: Oakland, 25 00
Illinois— $48.15
No. Dist., Cong.: Milledgeville, $18.50; Hickory Grove, $13.65; Naperville, $16, .... 48 15
Indiana— $363.00
Mid. Dist., Cong.: Bachelors Run, 18 00
No. Dist., Cong.: Wakarusa, $300; S. S.:
New Paris, $45, 345 00
Kansas— $84.50
N. E. Dist. Meeting, 20 00
S. W. Dist., Cong.: McPherson, 64 50
Maryland— $305.00
E. Dist., Cong.: Pipe Creek, $175; Bethany,
$80; New Windsor (Pipe Creek) $50, 305 00
Missouri— $39.75
No. Dist., Cong.: Rockingham, $5; Shelby Co. Cong. & S. S., $10; Dist. Meeting, $24.75, 39 75
Michigan— $50.00
Cong. : Shepherd 50 00
Ohio— $507.33
N. E. Dist., Cong.: E. Chippewa, $61.23; S. S.: Olivet, $52, 113 23
So. Dist., Cong.: New Carlisle, $114.50;
Harris Creek, $279.60 394 10
Pennsylvania— $49.00
E. Dist., Cong.: Maiden Creek 39 00
W. Dist., Cong.: Elk Lick, 10 00
Tennessee — $2.00
Cong.: Cedar Grove, 2 00
Wisconsin — $3.00
Cong.: Rice Lake 3 00
Total for the month, $ 1,481 73
Total previously reported, 42,580 60
Total for the year, $ 44,062 33
MISSIONARY SUPPORTS California— $618.39
So. Dist., La Verne Cong, for L. A. Blickenstaff & Wife and E. D. Vaniman & Wife, 618 39
Colorado— $240.00
E. Dist., S. G. Nickey (McClave) for Dr.
Barbara Nickey, 240 00
Idaho— $76.00
Nezperce S. S., for Dr. D. L. Horning, $50; Fruitland Cong., for Anetta C. Mow,
$26, 76 00
Illinois— $785.00
No. Dist., Mt. Morris College Missionary Soc. for D. J. Lichty, $205; A. F. Wine & Wife (Chicago) for Beulah Woods, $100, .... 305 00
So. Dist., Cerro Gordo S. S., for Dr. A. R. Cottrell, $240; Centennial & Individuals
(Okaw) for J. E. Wagoner, $240, 480 00
Indiana— $1,130.60
Mid. Dist., Manchester S. S. for Alice K. Ebey, 515 00
No. Dist., S. S.'s for Minerva Metzger & Mary Schaeffer 585 48
So. Dist., Arcadia Cong., for W. J.
Heisey, 30 12
Iowa— $100.00
No. Dist., Waterloo City S. S. (So. Wa- terloo) for Mary Shull, 100 00
Kansas— $630.00
N. E. Kans., S. S.'s for Ella Ebbert, .... 280 00
S. W. Dist. Congs. for F. H. Crumpacker
& Wife, 350 00
Michigan— $75.00
Junior Classes of S. S.'s of Mich, for Harlan G. Bowman, $37.50; Primary Classes of S. S.'s of Mich, for Daniel Harold Bow- man, $37.50, 75 00
Missouri— $19.00
Mid. Dist., Turkey Creek Cong., $18; Happy Hill Cong., $1, for Jennie Mohler, 19 00
Nebraska— $76.60
Bethel Cong, for R. C. Flory, 76 60
Ohio— $908.08
N. E. Dist., Olivet S. S., for A. D. Hel- ser, $40.70; Hartville Cong, for Anna Brum- baugh, $117.38; S. S.'s of Dist. for Goldie E. Swartz, $350, 508 08
N. W. Dist., Lick Creek Cong, for Elizabeth Kintner, $130; H. A. Throne (Sil- ver Creek) for Chalmer G. Shull, $105 235 00
So. Dist., Painter Creek Cong, for Verona Smith, 165 00
Pennsylvania— $193.95
E. Dist., Spring Creek Cong, for Eliza B. Miller, 28 95
Mid. Dist., Albright Cong. & S. S. for Olivia D. Ikenberry, $40; Everett Cong, for
Dr, Carl Coffman, $125, 165 00
Tennessee— $89.69
S. S.'s for Anna B. Seese, 89 69
Virginia— $53.10
Sec. Dist., Elk Run Cong., $27.10; Elk Run Aid Soc, $26.00, for Sara Z. Myers, .. 53 10
Total for the month, $ 4,995 41
Total previously reported, 21,387 77
Total for the year, $ 26,383 18
GENERAL MISSION BOARD
CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN
m
mm
ITS FORCE OF WORKERS
Supported in Whole or in Part by Funds Administered by the General Mission Board With the Year Thev Entered Service
SWEDEN Spanhusvagen 38, MalmS, Sweden
Graybill, J. F., 1911 Graybill, Alice M., 1911 Buckingham, Ida, 1913
CHINA Ping Ting Hsien, Shansi, China
Baker, Elizabeth, 1922 Bright, J. Homer, 1911 Bright, Minnie F., 1911 Coffman, Dr. Carl, 1921 Coffman, Feme H., 1921 Dunning, Ada, 1922 Horning, Emma, 1908 Ikenberry, E. L., 1922 Ikenberry, Olivia Dickens,
1922 Metzger, Minerva, 1910 Oberholtzer, I. E., 1916 Oberholtzer, Eliz. W., 1916 Sollenberger, O. C, 1919 Sollenberger, Hazel C, 1919 Vaniman, Ernest D., 1913 Vaniman, Susie C, 1913 Wampler, Dr. Fred J., 1913 Wampler, Rebecca C, 1913 North China Union Language School, Peking, China Brubaker, Leland S., 1924 Brubaker, Marie Woody,
1924 Kreps, Esther E., 1924 Neher, Minneva J., 1924
Liao Chou, Shansi, China Bowman, Samuel B., 1918 Bowman, Pearl S., 1918 Flory, Raymond, 1914 Flory, Lizzie N., 1914 Cripe, Winnie E., 1911 Horning, Dr. D. L., 1919 Horning, Martha D., 1919 Hutchison, Anna, 1913 Senger, Nettie M., 1916 Shock, Laura J., 1916
Shou Yang, Shansi, China
Cline, Mary E., 1920 Heisey, Walter J., 1917 Heisey, Sue R., 1917 Smith, W. Harlan, 1920 Smith, Frances Sheller, 1920
Tai Yuan, care of Y. M. C. A., Shansi, China
Myers, Minor M., 1919 Myers, Sara Z., 1919 Ullom, Lulu, 1919
On Fun, Shan Tai, Sunning, Canton, China
Smith, Albert R., 1923 Smith, Verona, 1923
On Furlough
Clapper, V. Grace, Hunt- ingdon, Pa., care College, 1917
Crumpacker, F. H., 1003 10th Ave. Nampa, Idaho, 1908
Crumpackc-t Anna N., 2003 10th Ave., i'ampa, Idaho, 1908
Flory, Edna R., 509 Honore St., Chicago, 1917
Flory, Byron M., Staunton, Va., Rt. 3, 1917
Flory, Nora, Staunton, Va., Rt. 3, 1917
Miller, Valley, Port Re- public, Va., 1919
Seese, Norman A., Bridge- water, Va., 1917
Seese, Anna, Bridgewater, Va., 1917
Schaeffer, Mary, 3435 Van Buren St., Chicago, 1917
Elgin, 111., care of General Mission Board
Pollock, Myrtle, 1917 AFRICA
Garkida, Nigeria. West Af- rica, via Jos, Nafada Sc Biu Burke, Dr. Homer L., 1923 Burke, Marguerite Shrock,
1923 Beahm, William M., 1924 Beahm, Esther Eisenbise,
1924 Heckman, Clarence C, 1924 Heckman, Lucile Gibson,
1924 Mallott, Floyd, 1924 Mallott, Ruth Blocher, 1924 Helser, A. D., 1922 Helser, Lola Bechtel, 1923 Kulp, H. Stover, 1922
INDIA Ahwa, Dangs, India
Ebey, Adam, 1900 Ebey, Alice K., 1900 Shull, Chalmer, 1919 Shull, Mary S., 1919
Anklesvar, Broach Dist., India Long, I. S., 1903 Long, Erne V., 1903 Miller, Arthur S. B., 1919 Miller, Jennie B., 1919 Miller, Sadie J., 1903 Shickel, Elsie, 1921
Bulsar, Surat Dist., India
Blickenstaff, Lynn A., 1920 Blickenstaff, Mary B., 1920 Blickenstaff, Verna M., 1919 Cottrell, Dr. A. Raymond,
1913 Cottrell, Dr. Laura M., 1913 Eby, E. H., 1904 Eby, Emma H., 1904 Kintner, Elizabeth, 1919 Mohler, Jennie, 1916 Shumaker, Ida. 1°1~ Wagoner, J. L.mer, 1919 Wagoner, Ellen H., 1919
Dahanu, Thana Dist., India
Alley, Howard L., 1917 Alley, Hattie Z., 1917
Nickey, Dr. Barbara M.,
1915 Royer, B. Mary, 1913 Jalalpor, Surat Dist., India Forney, D. L., 1897 Forney, Anna M., 1897 Miller, Eliza B., 1900 Vada, Thana Dist., India Brumbaugh, Anna B., 1919 Kaylor, John I., 1911 Kaylor, Ina M., 1921 Swartz, Goldie E., 1916 Palghar, Thana Dist., India Butterbaugh, Andrew G.,
1919 Butterbaugh, Bertha L.,
1919 Garner, H. P., 1916 Garner, Kathryn B., 1916 Hollenberg, Fred M., 1919 Hollenberg, Nora R., 1919 Post Umalla, via Anklesvar, India Lichty, D. J., 1902 Lichty, Anna Eby, 1912 Summer, Benjamin F., 1919 Summer, Nettie B., 1919 Widdowson, Olive, 1912 Ziegler, Kathryn, 1908 Vyara, via Surat Dist., India Blough, J. M., 1903 Blough, Anna Z., 1903 Brooks, Harlan J, 1924 Brooks, Ruth F, 1924 Moomaw, Ira W., 1923 Moomaw, Mabel Winger,
1923 Mow, Anetta, 1917 Mow, Baxter M., 1923 Mow, Anna Beahm, 1923 Replogle, Sara G., 1919 Wolf, L. Mae, 1922 Woods, Beulah, 1924 On Furlough Ebbert, Ella, 2205 Dixie
Place, Nashville, Tenn.,
1917 Grisso, Lillian, No. Man- chester, Ind., 1917 Himmelsbaugh, Ida 200 6th
Ave., Altoona, Pa., 1908 Hoffert, A. T., Carleton,
Nebr., 1916
AMERICA Church of the Brethren In- dustrial School, Geer, Va. Wampler, Nelie, 1922 Bolinger, Amsey, 1922 Bollinger, Florence, 1922 Pastors Red Cloud, Nebraska,
Eshelman, E. E., 1922 Fort Worth, Texas,
Horner, W. J., 1922 Greene County, Pirkey, Va.,
Driver, C. M., 1922 Broadwater, Essex, Mo.,
Fisher, E. R., 1922 Piney Flats, Tenn.,
Ralph White, 1923
®
® m
®
m
m m m
®
Sg£j Please Notice.— Postage on letters to our missionaries is Sc for each ounce or fraction Z|$?
rfv«7 thereof and 3c for each additional ounce or fraction. rjo,
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm&mmmmmmm®
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A re you taking it easy on the Down Grade? |
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SUNSET DA YS down in the val- ley are ahead for all of us. Will your way be smooth through finan- cial independence to a reasonable extent? You who have worked many years owe yourself a com- fortable old age. One of the ways to insure comfort and independence as you travel on the down grade of life is to place a substantial amount of your cap- ital funds in the ANNUITY BONDS of the General Mission Board. The Board is old in experience in the handling of trust funds ; it positively does not speculate with its trust funds, but invests them according to stand- ards of the best trust and savings banks and old line insurance companies; its good as cash resources exceed a million and a half dollars. This state- ment is made to impress you with our ability and willingness to do our part to make it easy for you on the down grade of life. Ask for our Annuity {Booklet VI 25 |
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(!er\eral Mission. Board \l OF THE CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN ^ ^m INCORPORATED Elgirvlllirvois |
THE MISSIONARY
Chuvctivof the brethren
Vol. XXVII
W©h>T^.m^Ty9 1925
GERMAN CLOTHING RELIEF Ninety-two bales, seven boxes, and three barrels or more than six tons of clothing ready for shipment to Germany. The Aid Societies of the brotherhood collected this clothing and sent same to Elizabethtown where it was baled as it is here ready for ocean shipment.
THE MISSIONARY VISITOR
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE
CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN
THROUGH HER
GENERAL MISSION BOARD
MEMBERSHIP
OTHO WINGER, President, North Man- chester, Ind.
J. J. YODER, Vice-President, McPherson, Kans.
A. P. BLOUGH, Waterloo, Iowa.
H. H. NYE. Elizabethtown, Pa.
J. B. EMMERT, La Verne, Calif.
SECRETARIES
CHARLES D. BONSACK, General Secretary.
H. SPENSER MINNICH, Educational Secre- tary and Editor Missionary Visitor.
M. R. ZIGLER, Home Mission Secretary. CLYDE M. CULP, Treasurer.
All correspondence for the Board should be addressed to Elgin, 111.
SUBSCRIPTION TERMS
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE IS ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR
The subscription price is included in EACH donation of two dollars or more to the General Mission Board, either direct or through any congregational collection, provided the two dollars or more are given by one individual and in no way combined with another's gift. Different members of the same family may each give two dollars or more, and extra subscriptions, thus secured, may upon request be sent to persons who they know will be interested in reading the Visitor. NO VISITOR SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE EN- TERED UNLESS REQUESTED.
Kindly notice, however, that these subscription terms do not include a subscription for every two dollar donation, but a subscription for each donation of two dollars or more, no matter how large the donation.
Ministers. In consideration of their services to the church, influence in assisting the Committee to raise missionary money, and upon their request annually, the Visitor will be sent to ministers of the Church of the Brethren.
To insure delivery of paper, prompt notice of change of address should be given. When asking change of address, give old address as well as new. Please order paper each year if possible under the same name as in the previous year.
Address all communications regarding subscriptions and make remittances payable to GENERAL MISSION BOARD, ELGIN, ILL.
Entered as second class matter at the postoffice of Elgin, Illinois.
Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized Aug. 20, 1918.
Missionary Day in the Sunday School Do You Have It?
The General Mission Board appeals to all the Sunday- schools of the Church to raise a special offering one Sunday- each month during this year as a special offering to missions. This is to be over and above all present offerings because the present receipts of the Board will not pay for the missionary work being done this year. May we suggest that this should be a SPECIAL offering, and enthusiasm on the part of superin- tendent and teachers will help make it special.
G
er\eral Mission. Board
OF THE CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN
INCORPORATED
£lgii\Jllii\oi5
Published Monthly by the Church of the Brethren Through Her General Mission Board H. SPENSER MINN1CH. Editor
Volume XXVII
FEBRUARY, 1925
No. 2
CONTENTS
EDITORIAL, 33
CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES—
What Christ Does for India, By Eld. L. W. Teeter, 36
Our First Tent Meeting, By O. C. Sollenberger, 37
Wife's Cycle Trek in Jungle, 38
How I Became Interested in Mission Work, By Sister D. L. Miller, 39
Help the Suffering and Diseased in Shou Yang, China, By W. Harlan
Smith, 40
" Layman " Is Dead, 41
The United District Boards of the Church of the Brethren of Nebraska,
By G. W. Ellenberger, 42
Africa Notes for September and October, By Lola Helser, 43
China Notes for October and Part of November, ..By Minnie F. Bright, 44
Notes from India, By Nettie B. Summer, 45
The Other Side of Our Work, By Samuel Bowman, 46
Soap Making and Missions, By Nettie M. Senger 47
World-Wide Work for Brethren Sunday-School Pupils, 48
THE WORKERS' CORNER—
Missionary News, 50
Plans for the Washington Convention, 51
Books Received, 52
The Gates of the Temple Are Opened (Poem), By Eleanor J. Brumbaugh, 52 We Praise Thee, O Lord, 52
THE JUNIOR MISSIONARY—
By the Evening Lamp, 54
Nuts to Crack, 55
FINANCIAL REPORT, 58
Editorial
Why Missions, Anyway?
Did you ever grow weary in well doing? Did you ever ask why missions, anyway? How did you answer your own question? Here is your answer. Getting down to rock bottom there are two viewpoints of life, two philosophies by which life and its meaning may be explained. One is the material and the other is the spiritual. It makes a vast difference whether we think of man's life as having brute origin and brute destiny, or of having divine origin and divine destiny. Back of what a man DOES is what he THINKS. We can cut part of this discussion quite short by say- ing that if a man takes the materialistic
view of life we cannot count on his being interested in missions. But Why Missions?
Granting that you do believe in a divine origin and destiny for man, why do mis- sion work? These will help clear our thinking:
1. The Fatherhood of God. God is ac- tually, in a spiritual sense, the Father of every living person. No human being, white or colored, is beyond the possibility of claiming God as Father. This is the foun- dation of our missionary hope. If God has the attitude of an infinitely loving, yearn- ing Father toward every lost soul in the universe, the hearts of us who know him
34
The Missionary Visitor
February 1925
leap with hope for the actuality of this possibility.
2. Every soul is of infinite value. Jesus taught (Matt. 16: 26) that there is nothing so valuable as a soul. This would include white folks, brown and black folks, out- casts as well as sinners. Jesus gave his whole service and life in winning souls. Can the followers of Christ be indifferent to the lost millions of the world?
3. Every soul is savable. " For the Son of man is come to seek and save that which is lost" (Luke 19: 10). The Gospel is the power of God unto salvation. Whosoever will may come. The crowning sin of sins in the church is the secret belief that Chris- tianity will not work. One may proclaim his faith in the fundamentals from the housetops, yet if he does not believe that Christianity will fulfill its promise in the salvation of men, and is doing nothing to bring this to pass, he is the worst sort of a materialistic infidel. We need a revival of that great doctrine that God hungers and yearns for the salvation of men and races. Such a revival will kindle afresh in us powerful motives for missionary en- deavor.
4. The world is in dire need. Only fools would deny this statement. All is not well — no, not in Christian lands. Out of the fountain of the materialistic viewpoint of life are flowing countless woes. For ex- ample, the materialistic theory to get all you can and give as little as necessary has well-nigh been the undoing of society. Through the haziness of thought some have come to believe there is no Supreme Be- ing. Imagine if you can the destructive consequences if the base passions of man- kind in all lands were turned loose without any control from a higher being. All this poison in the world's veins is sin. The atonement of Jesus alone is the sufficient remedy. New Testament missions seek to bring to every being in the world the cure for sin. What a motive to stir up our mis- sionary zeal! Once we see this great chal- lenge we will cease to ask the question, Why missions?
5. Here is the supreme motive for mis- sions. The Lord Jesus came to you and to me. He put his hand on our shoulders. He looked straight into our eyes. The tone
of his voice was both sweet and compelling as he said, " I have given you the ex- ample. As I have done to you, you do also unto them." Shall we look into those eyes rebelliously, or turn aside in flagrant disobedience? Oh, no; no Christian can do it honestly. £ J* Fact Leaflets
We want to know, and should know the facts. Before a man buys a farm he wants to know the facts, the sort of soil, its record of production, the kind of neighborhood and the market facilities.
The investor in missions also deserves and should know the facts. During 1925 the General Mission Board is publishing each month a MISSION FACT LEAFLET. These are little four-page leaflets intended for distribution to every member of the church. The plan for distribution is for the Missionary Committee, pastor or Sun- day-school superintendent to inform the Board of the number needed, and they will be sent monthly for distribution. They will be facts about the world, the Bible, India, China, Africa, missionary administration, home missions, etc.
Why Not a Missionary Substitute?
Nearly every missionary on our foreign fields is supported by some congregation or individual in the homeland. The amount of support given is what the missionary receives personally for living purposes. The support money given does not provide for any of the missionary expense, except the missionary's personal pay. Every mis- sionary has other expenses, travel, cost of dwelling, medical service, cost of native workers under his or her direction, expense of boarding schools, outstation evangelistic tours, and many others which bring the actual cost each missionary entails to ap- proximately $2,300 in India and $1,800 in China annually.
Some home congregations would find joy in assuming the entire sum necessary to keep a missionary working on the field. In other cases congregations could join together in paying the full support of mis- sionaries. There is considerable inspiration from having and being acquainted with the personal representative who is using the money given for our work abroad.
Fe\£?ry The Missionary Visitor 35
Why We Can Be Optimistic About the Missionary Situation
in the Church
/. Our weakness is turning us to strength. We are forced to recognize, teach and practice one of Cod's greatest rules for life — STEWARDSHIP.
2. We have looked at the hole in the doughnut until we are saturating the whole air with the blues. True, we still have a deficit in our mission fund, but Paul would use this apparently adverse situation for the very success of the church. PauVs keenest disappointment was to go into Rome a prisoner. But he used his chance to tell his soldier guards about Jesus.
3. Twenty years ago our workers fought against suspicion and opposition. Today the fields are ripe and sympathetic hearts ask f°r the Gospel.
4. Ten years ago a self-supporting church in India or China seemed centuries off. Today they are assuming responsibility in a remarkable manner and the self-propagating church seems much nearer.
5. God is crowning our efforts in foreign fields with success. This is evidenced by such examples as the Anklesvar church in India, composed of 8 00 members, all of whom to Americans would be as poor as Job's turkey, but it has just pledged 10,000 rupees (about $3,300) toward a new church building. This aspiration by these new-born Christians surpasses our fondest expectations.
6. There is and has been an uprising among our young people to want to con- secrate and dedicate their whole lives to the service of the church. (God save us from quenching this noble purpose!)
7 . There is an increase in laymen who tithe and give large gifts and call it the greatest joy of their lives.
There are other reasons, too, but seven is a perfect number.
The Deficit Has Been Reduced
From $43,000.00, September 30, to $25,000.00 December 31, 1024.
Shall we not make a faithful effort to wipe it out by the close of the fiscal year ending February 28, i92j, and begin the new year afresh for God?
If each member would give the price of a cheap lunch, or one cent per Week for six months, it would be done. Two cents saved on one meal per week in dl our homes for a year would do it!
But it will never be done by mathematical schemes or cross word puzzles. It will be done by those who love the Lord and the church; whose Chris- tian experience and faith is sufficiently sincere to share with Christ his desire that all men shall know there is divine forgiveness and grace.
The work n the Lord's. He stands by the treasury as of old. Will our giving receive his approbation as did that of the widow ?
36
The Missionary Visitor
February 1925
What Christ Does for India
ELDER L. W. TEETER
AT a conversation with the editor at the Calgary Con- ference, I said that I re- garded this picture as the most definite evidence of results in our India Mis- sion that I had ever seen. Some time later he wrote me for a statement con- cerning my opinion of what I saw in the picture.
This picture appeared on the cover of the May number of the Missionary Visitor of 1922.
It appears to me that I see in the physiognomy of those girls that their teachers succeeded in in- structing them in mo- rality, good behavior, or deportment, besides giving both educational and re- ligious training. Their faces show joy, happiness and contentment, in antici- pating higher attainments for greater service. Look again at their general ap- pearance. How neat, plain, and orderly! They are really exponents of the principles of humility, sim-
Graduates of Anklesvar Primary School and Now in Normal School, India
plicity and sincerity and altogether are a severe rebuke to the cultured (?) American girls, with their bobbed and otherwise di- sheveled hair and other unbecoming man- ners of dress.
All told, this picture justifies full credit to the teachers who have had charge of them from the beginning as having accom- plished the end foreseen by the Church of the Brethren by its missionaries to foreign countries.
Now we can begin to reason. If these six native Indian children can be nurtured in the New Testament way of salvation, thou- sands of others in India may be so nur- tured. And what is possible in India may be duplicated in China and Africa and
other lands. What an argument in favor of the most liberal support of our General Mission Fund!
Two more things the above picture em- phasize indirectly: First, that all mission- aries to foreign countries must have both literary and doctrinal training; literary, that they may be capable to organize, teach and manage schools of every grade, when needed; doctrinal, that they at once may lead the children in the way of the Great Teacher, Christ. We have found that the best place to give our missionaries this train- ing is in our Brethren schools or colleges. Here, then, is the necessity for the highest standard of schools, made so by the most capable faculties and the best equipments
February 1925
The Missionary Visitor
37
Eld. L. W. Teeter
in general, that they may, with the Gospel in hand, present to the natives a far more attractive way of life than any heathen leader can show them.
In conclusion, the picture goes far to prove the statement that " the hope of the Church of the Brethren in foreign mission fields is in the children." The picture dem- onstrates the truth of that statement. I would like to see the pictures of six hea- then girls who had had no such training as these, for the sake of the contrast. It would be an argument in favor of foreign missions.
This implies the necessity of the all-suffi- cient endowment of our colleges, that this may be possible.
Hagerstown, Ind.
FOR VALUE RECEIVED
$1.00 spent for lunch lasts 5 hours. $1.00 spent for a necktie lasts 5 weeks. $1.00 spent for a cap lasts 5 months. $1.00 spent for an auto lasts 5 years. $1.00 spent for a railroad lasts 5 decades. $1.00 spent in God's service lasts for eter- nity.— Roger W. Babson.
Our Fir^l Tent Meeting
O. C. SOLLENBERGER Missionary to China
LAST spring the men's and women's evangelistic departments of Ping Ting met in a joint meeting to talk over plans whereby they might advance their work. One plan suggested was the use of a tent. Owing to the difficulty of moving things over the mountain roads some thought it would not be advisable. A com- mittee was appointed to consider the propo- sition, and they finally decided to purchase a tent. It was bought at Shanghai and is forty feet long and twenty wide. The cost was $250, Mex. The industrial department of Ping Ting, which is supervised by Mrs. Bright, gave $150, and for this gift we were most grateful.
Our first tent meeting began Oct. 1 in a village about five miles from Ping Ting. It was a busy time of the year for the farmers;
nevertheless the meetings were very well attended. The tent was, of course, a curi- osity to the Chinese, and during the course of the meeting, which lasted about three weeks, nearly every person of the village, old and young, came out to see the tent, and heard the Gospel preached.
Bro. Crumpacker and our Chinese pastor, with two other Chinese Christian men and two Chinese Christian women, conducted the meetings. Besides we had the coopera- tion of the medical department. Dr. Coff- man held a dispensary each day in a little tent adjoining the large tent, and was kept busy treating diseases and wrapping up sores. While the people waited to have the diseases of the body treated, lec- tures were given on the care of the body
(Continued on Next Page)
38
The Missionary Visitor,
J5T7
February 1925
From the London Daily Chronicle
A Clipping from the December 4 Issue
WIFE'S CYCLE
TREK IN JUNGLE.
Ride for Aid for Her Fever-Stricken Husband.
EPIC OF THE WILDS.
A thrilling story of a young wife's lonely journeyings by bicycle iii the heart of Northern Nigeria lies behind the brief announcement, in the annual report of the Livingstone College, Ley- ton, of the death of Mrs. Kulp.
Daughter of an American doctor in comfortable circumstances, Mrs. Kulp decided to follow the example of her husband and become a missionary in Nigeria, where Mr. Kulp had gone in 1922.
To equip herself for the work, she came to London, and had a year's train- ing as a medical missionary at the Livingstone College.
Sailing to Nigeria in October of last year, she was met by her husband, and then followed a long railway journey to the heart of the country.
200 MILES THROUGH JUNGLE.
At the railhead they were still more than 200 miles from Gar Kida, their missionary station, and for a fortnight they had to trek across the jungle towards this lonely outpost, where they were to be the only white people.
On this journey Mr. Kulp and his wife rode on bicycles along the rough track, accompanied by 75 natives on foot carrying baggage and supplies.
JFor 14 days tney plodded on at a rate of about 15 miles a day, but were still four days' journey from their destina- tion when the husband fell ill with' fever, and had to be carried on an im- provised stretcher.
TEST OF COURAGE.
It was then that Mrs. Kulp rose to the occasion.
J liel orcl Tr*
i
ace dir int> mil Wg for
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wa I
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tha Hy tra W.
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wil
Each morning she saw the party safely started on the journey, and then alone she cycled ahead along the lonely track to the next rest house, where she had everything prepared in readiness for her sick husband, whom she nursed back to health at Gar Kida.
Several months later Mrs. Kulp had a bad attack of fever, but pulled through, and, although there was no doctor within 14 days of the station, re- fused to give up 'her work. A second time she fell ill with dysentery, and, weakened by her arduous work, died.
She was 28 years of age, and was the first post-war student of the' Living- stone College to lay down her life on the mission field. Ht husband is still working at Gar Kida, where he is a missionary of the Church of . the Brethren, an American organisation.
M
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fro]
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wh<
sin diti pol froi A aga con Aft
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OUR FIRST TENT MEETING
(Continued from Page 37) and prevention of disease. The remedy for the sin-sick soul also was prescribed.
A great many of the Chinese cannot read the Chinese character, and to such we taught the phonetic system of reading. The alphabet can be learned in a very short time. Old women, who never have been able to read the character, can be taught to read the Bible in two or three weeks.
On the inside walls of the tent were hung gospel pictures and posters. These pic- tures appeal to the eye and furnish a splen- did point of contact for telling the gospel story to those who cannot read. They also appeal to the more educated, for on the poster are characters telling the story.
Songs and portions of Scripture were taught the children, of whom there always were a great number about the tent. Here- tofore not much work has been done among the children.
Each evening a stereopticon lecture was given. To these lectures nearly all the people of the village turned out.
The immediate fruits of the meeting were not so great, but seeds were sown and im- pressions made that are sure to bear fruit in the future. The Chinese are not emo- tional. They move slowly and take time to think things over before making deci- sions. Pray for us, that our future meet- ings may prove a great blessing to the people.
February 1925
The Missionary Visitor
39
How I Became Interested in Mission Work
SISTER D. L. MILLER
IT was very early in my life when I be- came deeply inter- ested in missionaries and their work. When I was a little girl my mother took me with her to the Methodist church, where she then belonged, and where we attended Sun- day-school every Sunday for years.
Each Sunday money was given me to place in the basket as my share of the offering, and I was al- ways reminded of the fact that this money was used for the spread of "the Gos- pel among the heathen people across the ocean, who knew nothing of our Heavenly Father or of the Pible which we knew so well.
When announcements were made by the preach- er that on a certain Sun- day "a returned mission- ary will speak," I was eager to be there, that I might hear what he had to say about the strange people with whom he had been working. I found these talks wonderfully interesting and I never seemed to grow restless or weary in listen- ing to them. Their appeals for sympathy were touching, and got hold of my young heart, seeming to permeate my entire being and send a thrill of sorrow through me for the people who were in danger of being eternally lost if missionaries and money did not go to their rescue. I never felt called to go as a missionary myself, but always did feel that what we owned belonged to the Lord, and should be used in helping to spread the Gospel over the world.
To this day a returned missionary's speech has this same effect upon me. While I never felt called to go as a missionary, I was
" Maijee " and Her Friends. Sister D. L. Miller in India in 1899. From "Life of D. L. Miller"
glad to go into the foreign field to give encouragement to the workers, if possible, for I knew they had a longing for the Christian sympathy which comes by min- gling with those from the homeland of like precious faith.
The Lord be praised for putting into the hearts of brethren and sisters the desire to go in his name to teach the Word of God to those who know it not.
Mt. Morris, 111.
Children see a hobbled camel eating vines from the hedge at the side of the compound.
Sara : — Look, what kind of an animal is that? What a long neck!
Bijli : — It's crying. (Lower lip hanging down.)
40
The Missionary Visitor
February 1925
Helping the Suffering and Diseased in Shou
Yang, China
W. HARLAN SMITH Missionary to China
THE medical work at Shou Yang started four or five years ago when the first foreigners from our mission arrived here. That is, as far as our mis- sion is concerned. The English Baptists had done considerable medical work here for several years, so that the place was quite open for medical work when our mis- sion started it. In the beginning the mis- sionaries in charge dispensed a few simple medicines, or advised a few simple treat- ments for those coming to them for help. Later a doctor from Ping Ting Chou came over once or twice a week to look after the patients who arrived on those days, recom- mending the worst patients to the hospital at Ping Ting. This was much better than the old way, but still far from satisfactory. Therefore we invited Dr. Hsing, a local man who had just graduated in medicine, to come and be with us permanently. At first he had one very small, unsatisfactory room along the main street. It took only two or three months to prove that we had made the right move. The work outgrew these temporary quarters. We then rented a whole Chinese court, and started a very modest little hospital. The doctor is a Christian. He is liked by the local people and is interested in bettering the health con- ditions of this community. The work is continually growing and has a very promis- ing future. Now I want to say something about the accompanying picture and prob- ably a few words concerning other special cases.
This is a picture of the Shou Yang Hos- pital staff and a grateful man who was helped by them. Standing behind the table, dressed in a white coat, is the doctor. Be- side him and also behind the table is the grateful man who was helped. He is the manager of a money shop here in the city. He had some kind of a bladder disease, which the Chinese quack doctors tried to cure, only making him worse. Believing that he was about to die, he entered our
hospital in July, 1923, as a last resort. The doctor performed an operation upon his abdomen with the simplest of medical fa- cilities and surgical instruments. The man stayed in the hospital twenty or more days and left at the end of that time for his home, perfectly well. He was so grateful for this service that he wanted to show his appreciation to the doctor and to the hos- pital in some special way. So he and the helpers in his shop contributed $20 to the hospital. Not being satisfied with this, and besides being a man of influence in the city, he got a number of his friends to subscribe. They pledged a total of $91. Therefore by helping this man the hospital received a special contribution of $111. How is that for a man who has had no relation with Christianity whatever before this? He was anxious that this money be used to buy a set of instruments which the doctor sorely needed. This list of instruments you can see on the table in the picture.
Later a man was brought in with a bad wound in his head. His body was covered from head to foot with blood. The man was unconscious. His friends had tried to stop the blood with flour, but could not, because an artery was cut. The doctor cleansed the wound, pulled out the artery, sewed it up, put it back in, and sewed up the wound. After a few days the man left the hospital as good as before, with the exception of a scar on his head. This man would have died before he got to Ping Ting Hospital. He contributed over $20 to the hospital.
Recently another man entered the hos- pital with blood poisoning in his arm. He had had a boil on his hand. A quack doc- tor, whose remedy for all such things was a sharp-pointed, hot iron, had used this remedy, with the result mentioned above, besides having injured the tendons in the back of the man's hand. The doctor had to perform an operation, with the result that after a few days the man went home
February
1925
The Missionary Visitor
41
with a well arm. He also contributed over $20 to the hospital. The doctor has much work as the result of these quack doctors. A little child had been vaccinated by one of them eight years ago, with syphilis-in- fected vaccine. Soon afterward the child's body became a mass of sores. Later all his hair fell out. He kept getting worse, year after year, until his mouth was so full of sores he could not eat or drink. They brought him to the hospital the other day.
He is now a well boy eleven years old. So you see how a good Christian man with a few hundred dollars of your money can relieve much suffering and at the same time give us a strong point of contact to win patients to Christ in the future here at Shou Yang. Don't forget to pray for the Shou Yang medical work, and especially for our good Christian doctor.
Shou Yang, Shansi Province.
" Layman" Is Dead
THOMAS KANE, known to two gener- ations of Christians as "Layman," died Sept. 26 at his home in Evanston, 111. He was 87 years old.
Mr. Kane was a long-time elder in Third church of Chicago, and in past years had been active in Chicago Presbytery, in Illinois Synod, in work of the General As- sembly and among Christians of all denom- inations. In and out of the Presbyterian Church he has been known for nearly fifty years as an indefatigable exponent of tith- ing.
In 1876 Thomas Kane began circulating at his own expense pamphlets signed " Lay-
man " in which he urged on Christian peo- ple the duty of paying a tenth of their in- comes to the work of God. These and later pamphlets, with innumerable tracts on tith- ing which have been issued by Mr. Kane, have gone to ministers, theological students, elders, deacons, stewards, laymen and lay- women generally. Often these have been given, cost free and postage paid, to min- isters or laymen in quantities for their own distribution. The same issue of The Con- tinent that contains this notice of Mr. Kane's death includes also an advertisement, inserted before Mr. Kane's death by The (Continued on Page 53)
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The Missionary Visitor
February 1925
The United Di^trid: Boards of the Church of the
Brethren of Nebraska
G. W. ELLENBERGER
Pastor of the South Beatrice Church and Chairman
of the United Boards of Nebraska
IT has been suggested by our Home Mis- sion Secretary that the plans and meth- ods used in District mission work in the Middle West may be of interest, especially to those who live in the more thickly-set- tled portions of the East, where States are divided into a number of Districts, and where the churches are numerous and no lack of workers is, or should be, felt.
Here in Nebraska the State constitutes the District, the churches, seventeen in number, are widely separated, and because of the far-intervening spaces, all these churches are not always represented at the District Meeting, and but few of them at Annual Conference. Last year six of the seventeen churches failed to represent at District Meeting, and our entire State had but one man on Standing Committee. The total resident membership of our State, or District, is but 954, and non-resident mem- bers 96.
The greatness of the almost untouched field inspires one with awe, the need for workers is obvious, the appeal to earnest hearts who are willing to serve is strong and compelling; truly it can be said of this State, " The Lord hath need of workers. "
Because of the above conditions, the scattered few, the wide, open spaces, the isolation, the expenses entailed by travel, we found it poor economy, from both the spiritual and financial standpoints, to main- tain three committees and four boards to direct the different activities and depart- ments of church life and work in the State. We were not getting results.
Hence the following plan was made and adopted:
Request from Elders' Body — Change in Church Boards
In order that the work of our District boards and committees may be more efficiently and effectually done, we, the elders of the District, ask this District Meeting that the following readjustments be made:
1. That the Temperance and Purity Committee, the Child Rescue Committee, and the Old Folks' Home Committee, be united into one committee, known as the Social Welfare Board.
2. That a Board of Religious Education be created.
3. That the Social Welfare Board, the Board of Religious Education, the Mission Board, and the Ministerial Board be united into one organization, to be known as the United District Boards of the Church of the Brethren of Nebraska. This organiza- tion shall consist of six persons, one of whom shall be president, one treasurer, and the other four sec- retaries of the four activities represented in the beard. Each secretary shall, after careful and prayer- ful deliberation by the United Boards, be set apart for the particular activity for which he is best fitted. He shall be responsible for furthering the work of his particular department, and shall confer constantly with the president in promoting his work. He shall carefully study the District with a view of develop- ing to the highest possible degree of efficiency the work of his department. He shall make an annual re- port to the District, prepare the District program, covering the work of his department, and make rec- ommendations to the United Boards for promoting hi s work.
The United Boards shall meet as often as ex- pedient to promote the work of each department, and plan for the best interests of the District as a whole. All other members of the board shall act in an advisory capacity to each secretary, and shall by united or majority action move forward in each department's work. All bills shall be approved by the board, or at least by the president and treasurer, before being paid, to which bills a voucher shall be presented. In the absence of the president, the treasurer shall preside at meetings of the board. Each member of the board shall be elected for a term of three years, from nominations submitted by Elders' Meeting, except the first board, two of which shall be elected for three years, two for two years, and two for one year. Provided that in case of gross neglect of duty on the part of any member of the board, the remaining members may recommend to the District Meeting a new appointment. Provided, further, that in case of vacancy, the United Boards may fill vacancy by appointment until next District Meeting. The United Boards shall meet at the close of this District Meeting for organization. The mod- erator of District Meeting shall preside at the first meeting.
4. The funds of the " Missionary Educational Com- mittee," the " District Poor Fund," the " Nebraska Poor Fund," the " Foreign Mission Committee Treasurer," and the " District Mission Board " shall be cared for by the treasurer of the United Boards.
5. That all boards and committees affected _ by above plans be honorably discharged and all previous decisions, conflicting, be hereby repealed and new members elected as above indicated.
6. That the office of Sunday School and Mission Educational Secretary be absorbed by the Secretary of Religious Education.
Motion carried to amend the regular paper by stat- ing that said officers be elected as follows: Two for one year, two for two years, and two for three years.
Motion carried, that paper with amendment be adopted.
In the above plan it will be noticed that one chairman serves the board, while a particular secretary represents each of the several departments of the work. By this means we hope for a closer union of these churches, so widely separated, not alone by
February 1925
The Missionary Visitor
43
miles, but by that subtle disintegration of the spiritual relationship brought about by the meager opportunity for personal con- tact "with those of like precious faith," the value of which can hardly be estimated. We hope for a united interest in a common cause to be brought about by visiting the weaker churches, encouraging by kindness and sympathy the faithful few in isolated groups, supplying evangelistic services, and in some cases helping by correspondence; and one important aim is to put a pastor in every church in the State.
We hope for a more spiritual conception of our responsibilities and opportunities in this great field, to infuse a truer missionary spirit, and a greater zeal in the stronger churches for the strengthening of the weak- er ones.
As to the financial phase of the subject, we recognize the absolute need of a busi- nesslike system, to which we must adhere with scrupulous integrity of purpose.
In short — conservation of our forces, spir- itual, financial, mental and physical, the con- secration of our powers, and the concen- tration of the resultant energy toward build- ing up the District.
Business acumen, systematic methods, a big vision of the future possibilities here in the wide, open spaces of the West, where God's people have a wonderful opportunity to implant Christian principles, the seed of missionary love and endeavor — these are some of the results we are hoping for, where simple nature, quietude and semi-isolation are conducive to earnest, consecutive thought and close communion with God.
Holmesville, Nebr.
AFRICA NOTES FOR SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER
Lola Helser We are glad to report that Bro. Kulp completely recovered from the fever that laid him by the last few days of last month. How grateful we all are for the blessings of health! We all appreci- ate the help of our mission doctor.
The medical and the educational work have gone forward much as usual this month. In the language and evangelistic departments we have some inter- esting new developments to report.
s
It is always a problem to develop a Christian literature among people who have not had a writ-
ten language. The mission decided to give the final revision to Mark and send it to the press by Nov. 1; also to prepare a second reader, an Old Testament Story Book, a Life of Christ and to translate the Acts of the Apostles.
The development in the evangelistic department is most inspiring to us. It is this department that all of our work aims to push forward. Sept. 18 the first special Bible class met. We had Bible teaching before, but it was open to all. This class is not open to all, because we feel that new peo- ple entering will hinder the progress of the class. It was a problem in our minds to know whom to admit and whom we should ask to wait for a second class. It was decided to admit sixteen to' this class and ask the others to wait. All who enter this class express a definite desire to know more about Jesus. The class has five meetings a week. Pray for us who teach. Choose from the roll one whom you will pray for daily. The Bible Class Roll — Mama, Ka Bura, Polesar, Jimnati, Salu, Laku, Yamta, Doli, Dalta, Hyelendiga, Mallam KukU, Jida, Mada, Garba, Damboy and Yoksa.
It was also decided to resume the village services at Pechuroma as soon as the river could be crossed.; It was decided to open weekly evangelistic services and medical clinics in two new villages, Wiagu and Garu. It was decided to start regular Sunday- school work on the first Sunday in October.
Sister Kulp's grave is a sacred spot to all of us. Bro. Kulp has set a nice hedge about it and planted beautiful flowers. j8
Our Bura people say that we are having very unusual rains this year. One old man told me the other day that it was the most that he had seen for ten years. ,»&
October Notes
This month marks the beginning of regular Sun- day-school sessions. The Sunday-school was or- ganized, with Bro. Kulp as superintendent and the evangelistic committee as a Sunday-school board. Five classes were arranged for — Bura men, women, boys, girls, and Hausa people — to be taught by the missionaries for the present. We are teach- ing a few Old Testament stories leading up to the birth of Jesus for the Christmas story. Over one hundred were in attendance on the first Sunday, but the average attendance for the month was slightly less than that. It is hoped that through the. Sunday-school the older men and women may learn enough of the Bible truths to get an earnest de- sire for their souls' salvation. Some are being awakened from their lost condition and are be- coming eager to know more about Jesus as the Son of God and their Savior as well as ours.
The Sunday morning services at Pechuroma, the village just across the Hawal River, could not' be resumed until the first of this month because of the unusually hard rains this year. Evan- gelistic services and medical treatments were started on Wednesdays and Thursdays alternately
44
The Missionary Visitor
February 1925
at Garu and Wiagu, villages three and four miles from Garkida. Pray for these people, that they may not forget the truths taught and the heal- ing touches from week to week, and that it may influence them to come to the regular mission services and the school.
On the 11th of this month Dr. Burke performed a very successful operation on another elephantiasis case. The enlarged part removed weighed 59 pounds and the poor man could not thank God and the Christian doctor enough for his great re- lief. This man can not speak the Bura language, but he is of a smaller tribe called Borroro. His people are owners of large herds of cattle and wander from place to place. They occasionally bring butter and milk to the mission for sale. May this blessing from God to him open the hearts of his tribe to Christ! The boy on whom Dr. Burke performed the other operation of a similar type is hospital boy and a most willing helper.
This is the season of the year when all govern- ment roads are cleared. One man from each house is required to work on the road each day until their portion is completed, which took the people at Garkida a little over two days. It was de- cided by the mission to dismiss school on these days and urge the schoolboys to help on the road. It was not a matter of compulsion but we hoped through this action to develop the community spirit. The road will be worked, banks cut down and gutters filled in and put in shape for motor use. ^
We are anxiously looking forward to the coming of the new party from America. It is planned to house them temporarily with the three families now on the field until the necessary houses can be erected in their or our respective fields of labor. As soon as the translation of Mark can be finally revised and sent off to press, Brethren Kulp and Helser will be off on a two weeks' tour to preach the Word and locate the most suitable situation for regular evangelistic and school work, at least during this dry season.
Musical instruction is now being given in the school by Dr. and Mrs. Burke. The boys and girls appreciate this addition to the curriculum. A couple more hymns have been translated by them, and these also are welcomed. Bro. Kulp has been released from the school work in order to spend more time on the translation work. Pupil teachers are being used more and more in teaching the beginning classes, which is as it should be, look- ing forward to their future usefulness among their own people. jt
After a year of very good health Bro. Helser had an attack of malarial fever and was laid up for one week. At this season the mosquitoes are es- pecially plentiful, and every attempt is being made to escape their bold attacks and clear the com- pound of any breeding places.
The newly-organized Bible class for advanced
schoolboys has been faithfully attended five times each week. As a result of the teaching that they have already had one boy has voluntarily decided to give his tithe to the Lord, and we believe that he is making an honest attempt to live up to what he knows to be right. Will you not pray earnestly for this boy and others, that they may lay hold of the power of Christ and thus be able to withstand the many temptations that would draw them back into heathenism and devil worship? May not the giving of his four cents out of forty cents which he earns a week inspire boys and girls in America to give their tithe and lives to their
Savior?
CHINA NOTES FOR OCTOBER AND PART OF NOVEMBER, 1924
Minnie F. Bright
Because of the political war in North China it was impossible to send the Visitor notes at the usual time for October. We were cut off from the outside world, and this means practically from every- thing outside the province, for over three weeks. Mails were a most welcome sight again. It is useless to give a statement of the political situa- tion at present, as the scenes change too rapidly.
Early in October our new people went to Peking, where they are busy in language study. Bro. Bright accompanied them and assisted in getting them settled. Later he went to Tientsin on a business trip for the mission. *j
The Ikenberrys moved to Tai Yuan Fu to begin their work in that city. They are a very welcome addition to our little band there, but we miss them very much at Ping Ting.
The outlook in Tai Yuan is very promising. We
now have about thirty members, with a number
of inquirers enrolled. The capital city is a great field of opportunity.
Bro. Heisey is getting into his work in earnest now, since back from furlough, and one is never happier than when busy about the Master's business. With some of his helpers he went to a village, some miles out from Shou Yang, recently, and at the close of their work there fifteen gave their names as inquirers. It was the first time a foreigner had been to this village, but the people had heard of the Christ through one of the vil- lagers who had been helped in the hospital.
Mr. Liu, the new evangelist at Shou Yang, is tak- ing hold of the work very nicely and is a great help there. Bro. Heisey writes as follows: " The workers in the men's evangelistic department have returned from a second visit to the western part of Yu County, and all are enthusiastic about the outlook in that section. As a direct result of the two visits to that section, more than thirty people have definitely enlisted as enquirers."
February 1925
The Missionary Visitor
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More than forty people have enrolled as en- quirers in the Shou Yang field since January. Pray for these, that the good seed be not lost in their lives. <£t
The Anti-Narcotic Society of Shou Yang, in co- operation with the mission, put on a public pro- gram and demonstration not long ago. Many people came out to listen to the speeches against the evils of opium and its attendant sins, and we hope some good was done in helping the country to rid her- self of this evil. <£t
Miss Senger is out, touring the villages in the southwestern part of Liao district. She plans to be out until Christmas. «£8
The Oberholtzers have moved to Liao Chou, where Bro. Oberholtzer will take charge of the men's evan- gelistic work. Bro. Raymond Flory is taking up agiculture work along with the school and evangel- istic work. This is rather a new field, but one of unlimited opportunities.
The Ping Ting Boys' School celebrated the birth of the Chinese Republic with fitting addresses by competent speakers. There were special songs and a pantomime. Much enthusiasm was aroused among the people, who love their country, and it was real- ly touching to listen to the beautiful song, " God Save Our Country."
One of our young Christian teachers in the Ping Ting Girls' School was taken serious- ly ill. She ran a very high temperature for days and the doctors could not locate her trouble. We almost despaired of her life, when she was anointed and almost immediate- ly her fever began to leave her and a most remarkable cure was the result. She has enjoyed a most precious experience with her Lord in all this, and has dedicated her life anew to him.
The tent meetings are proving a great success in the Ping Ting district. Some one remarked re- cently that the tent had paid for itself already by keeping the evangelists so busy and giving them a new interest in their work. Hundreds of people gather each night to hear the Word. Two of our Bible women accompany the tent and through the day care for the many women and children who come to hear and learn. «»&
We are having to reduce the work of the poor women in the industrial department, as we can get no material from the coast to continue it. This is due to war conditions. It is quite a hardship for some of the poor women, and many prayers are being offered for peace to come speedily.
Bro. Crumpacker left a few days ago for his fur- lough, going by way of India. Because of the un- settled condition of the country and disconnected train service he started early in order to reach his boat. The schools and many of the Christians were out to see him off. All were sorry to have
him leave, but he has earned a well-deserved fur- lough. ^
P. S. — One day later. A fine boy born to Dr. and Mrs. Wampler Nov. 23.
NOTES FROM INDIA
Nettie B. Summer The work at Palghar is still in its infancy. The station work is very light, leaving the Hollenbergs free to devote full time to the school. During the rains the indigenous boys kept coming till the en- rollment was not far from one hundred. Then in October the influenza epidemic brought down many with sickness. Since then about twenty boys have not come back. However, new ones continue to arrive. We are glad for the indigenous element. There is no doubt but that through the influence of Christianity a desire for enlightenment and better things has been aroused. As these " jungly " boys walk into the way of enlightenment, may they, above all things, learn to know and accept our Jesus.
The Butterbaughs are out in the district. They enjoy their work and the people are much more friendly than last year. The children think tenting is real sport. Wilma calls the tent their " jungalow." The people are quite touched when they hear of the " home going " of Beryl and the coming of little Gladden. &
A successful institute for the workers of the Umal- lo-Vali and Anklesvar districts was held at Vali the last of October. Bro. Lichty conducted a class in Romans. Bro. Summer gave a study of village life. Bro. Miller had a mission study class. Sister Shumaker gave some Sunday-school helps and a report of the Glasgow convention. Vishram, from Surat, the children's missionary, gave some very helpful lectures. »j
The first of November found the mission family assembled at Bulsar for conference. Three days were devoted to devotional meetings. Dr. Clancy, of the Methodist Mission, was present and gave us some very inspiring and heart-searching messages. On Sunday evening a memorial service was held for Sister Berkebile and Beryl Butterbaugh.
&
Sisters Miller and Ziegler arrived in time to at- tend the mission conference. The former is located at Jalalpor, in charge of the Girls' School, and the latter is at Umalla for evangelistic work in the villages.
Umalla, via Anklesvar, Broach Dist., Dec. 12.
"OUR MISSIONS ABROAD" Price, 50c
by Elgin Moyer.
The Mission Study Text for 1925. The first edi- tion sold within the first five months.
BRETHREN PUBLISHING HOUSE
Elgin, 111.
46
The Missionary Visitor
February 1925
The Other Side of Our Work
SAMUEL BOWMAN Missionary to China
THINGS new call out our interest, but in time they become commonplace. As they become familiar they some- times lose their power of creating interest. It is upon one's arrival in China that one is inspired to write on the customs, accom- plishments, and possibilities of the people. Many books are written on things Chinese by folks who have little more than touched the border of the country. Things not well understood are often fruitful topics for writers and travelers. They give large place for the imagination and make attrac- tive (?) reading for the friends at home.
What is true in the experience of an in- dividual may be true in the experience of an institution. A few years ago we were able to tell of new and unusual things. With the passing of the years we have be- come more accustomed to the things that seemed so strange at first. The romance of our earlier years has passed, and now we find that our work is much the same as work at home. We have had some disap- pointments during these years. We have miscalculated in places and the fruits of our work are not so rich as we had prom- ised ourselves that they would be. When we take stock we find that we have had losses. Most of us will agree that we have worked on a " trial and error " basis and have had the usual number of failures.
Some who came into the church have not continued steadfast in their early purpose. Not all the students in our schools become members of the church, and some that were full of promise have not become outstand- ing leaders of their people. There have been opened a few preaching places which have not come up to our expectations. Some of our schools have not accomplished as much as we had hoped, because of a lack of proper teachers. We have invested money in the training of men and women for leadership and some of them have not proved themselves fitted for the work. We have constructed buildings and have dis- covered that some of them did not suit our needs exactly. This should not be entirely
unexpected. We possess no superior knowl- edge. Because of needs on the field some of us have had to do things for which we were not prepared. Then, to make the dif- ficulty still greater, we have to contend with strange customs and learn another lan- guage. I am not thinking of our work only. Every mission has had to meet the same problems and is not solving them any bet- ter than are we.
Now the spirit of inquiry is prevalent everywhere. We may lament it or we may be glad for it, but the fact remains un- changed. It is felt by the folks in the homeland and it is felt with equal force by those on the field. Questions as to aim and method are being propounded by work- ers on the field, and the people at home are asking: "What is being done on the field? " "Is anything being accomplished? " and "Is it really worth while to spend our money for that work? " That is right. Those questions ought to be asked and we ought to do our best to answer them frankly, though it may not be easy. The important one with us is, "How?" It is an ever- present question in the field of education, and we must constantly consider the fol- lowing queries : What particular type of training will most fully fit our students for service in their community where they can exert a definite Christian impress? Is a general course the